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Resilient help to switch and overlap hierarchical subsystems in a small human group
Groups of social organisms in nature are resilient systems that can overcome unpredicted threats by helping its members. These social organisms are assumed to behave both autonomously and cooperatively as individuals, the helper, the helped and other part of a group depending on the context such as...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4820690/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27045443 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep23911 |
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author | Fujii, K. Yokoyama, K. Koyama, T. Rikukawa, A. Yamada, H. Yamamoto, Y. |
author_facet | Fujii, K. Yokoyama, K. Koyama, T. Rikukawa, A. Yamada, H. Yamamoto, Y. |
author_sort | Fujii, K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Groups of social organisms in nature are resilient systems that can overcome unpredicted threats by helping its members. These social organisms are assumed to behave both autonomously and cooperatively as individuals, the helper, the helped and other part of a group depending on the context such as emergencies. However, the structure and function of these resilient actions, such as how helpers help colleagues and how the helper’s action is effective at multiple subsystem scales remain unclear. Here we investigated the behaviour of organised and efficient small human groups in a ballgame defence, and identified three principles of hierarchical resilient help when under attack. First, at a present high emergency level, the helper simply switched the local roles in the attacked subsystem with the helped. Second, at an intermediate emergency level, the helpers effectively acted in overlapping subsystems. Third, for the most critical emergency, the helpers globally switched the action on the overall system. These resilient actions to the benefit of the system were assumed to be observed in only humans, which help colleagues at flexibly switched and overlapped hierarchical subsystem. We suggest that these multi-layered helping behaviours can help to understand resilient cooperation in social organisms and human groups. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4820690 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48206902016-04-06 Resilient help to switch and overlap hierarchical subsystems in a small human group Fujii, K. Yokoyama, K. Koyama, T. Rikukawa, A. Yamada, H. Yamamoto, Y. Sci Rep Article Groups of social organisms in nature are resilient systems that can overcome unpredicted threats by helping its members. These social organisms are assumed to behave both autonomously and cooperatively as individuals, the helper, the helped and other part of a group depending on the context such as emergencies. However, the structure and function of these resilient actions, such as how helpers help colleagues and how the helper’s action is effective at multiple subsystem scales remain unclear. Here we investigated the behaviour of organised and efficient small human groups in a ballgame defence, and identified three principles of hierarchical resilient help when under attack. First, at a present high emergency level, the helper simply switched the local roles in the attacked subsystem with the helped. Second, at an intermediate emergency level, the helpers effectively acted in overlapping subsystems. Third, for the most critical emergency, the helpers globally switched the action on the overall system. These resilient actions to the benefit of the system were assumed to be observed in only humans, which help colleagues at flexibly switched and overlapped hierarchical subsystem. We suggest that these multi-layered helping behaviours can help to understand resilient cooperation in social organisms and human groups. Nature Publishing Group 2016-04-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4820690/ /pubmed/27045443 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep23911 Text en Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Article Fujii, K. Yokoyama, K. Koyama, T. Rikukawa, A. Yamada, H. Yamamoto, Y. Resilient help to switch and overlap hierarchical subsystems in a small human group |
title | Resilient help to switch and overlap hierarchical subsystems in a small human group |
title_full | Resilient help to switch and overlap hierarchical subsystems in a small human group |
title_fullStr | Resilient help to switch and overlap hierarchical subsystems in a small human group |
title_full_unstemmed | Resilient help to switch and overlap hierarchical subsystems in a small human group |
title_short | Resilient help to switch and overlap hierarchical subsystems in a small human group |
title_sort | resilient help to switch and overlap hierarchical subsystems in a small human group |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4820690/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27045443 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep23911 |
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