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Mini Review: Circular RNAs as Potential Clinical Biomarkers for Disorders in the Central Nervous System

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), produced in eukaryotic cells during post-transcriptional processes. They are more stable than linear RNAs, and possess spatio-temporal properties. CircRNAs do not distribute equally in the neuronal compartments in the brain, but largel...

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Autores principales: Lu, Dan, Xu, An-Ding
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4821851/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27092176
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2016.00053
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author Lu, Dan
Xu, An-Ding
author_facet Lu, Dan
Xu, An-Ding
author_sort Lu, Dan
collection PubMed
description Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), produced in eukaryotic cells during post-transcriptional processes. They are more stable than linear RNAs, and possess spatio-temporal properties. CircRNAs do not distribute equally in the neuronal compartments in the brain, but largely enriched in the synapses. These ncRNA species can be used as potential clinical biomarkers in complex disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), which is supported by recent findings. For example, ciRS-7 was found to be a natural microRNAs sponge for miRNA-7 and regulate Parkinson’s disease/Alzheimer’s disease-related genes; circPAIP2 is an intron-retaining circRNA which upregulates memory-related parental genes PAIP2 to affect memory development through PABP reactivation. The quantity of circRNAs carry important messages, either when they are inside the cells, or in circulation, or in exosomes released from synaptoneurosomes and endothelial. In addition, small molecules such as microRNAs and microvesicles can pass through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and get into blood. For clinical applications, the study population needs to be phenotypically well-defined. CircRNAs may be combined with other biomarkers and imaging tools to improve the diagnostic power.
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spelling pubmed-48218512016-04-18 Mini Review: Circular RNAs as Potential Clinical Biomarkers for Disorders in the Central Nervous System Lu, Dan Xu, An-Ding Front Genet Genetics Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), produced in eukaryotic cells during post-transcriptional processes. They are more stable than linear RNAs, and possess spatio-temporal properties. CircRNAs do not distribute equally in the neuronal compartments in the brain, but largely enriched in the synapses. These ncRNA species can be used as potential clinical biomarkers in complex disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), which is supported by recent findings. For example, ciRS-7 was found to be a natural microRNAs sponge for miRNA-7 and regulate Parkinson’s disease/Alzheimer’s disease-related genes; circPAIP2 is an intron-retaining circRNA which upregulates memory-related parental genes PAIP2 to affect memory development through PABP reactivation. The quantity of circRNAs carry important messages, either when they are inside the cells, or in circulation, or in exosomes released from synaptoneurosomes and endothelial. In addition, small molecules such as microRNAs and microvesicles can pass through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and get into blood. For clinical applications, the study population needs to be phenotypically well-defined. CircRNAs may be combined with other biomarkers and imaging tools to improve the diagnostic power. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4821851/ /pubmed/27092176 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2016.00053 Text en Copyright © 2016 Lu and Xu. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Genetics
Lu, Dan
Xu, An-Ding
Mini Review: Circular RNAs as Potential Clinical Biomarkers for Disorders in the Central Nervous System
title Mini Review: Circular RNAs as Potential Clinical Biomarkers for Disorders in the Central Nervous System
title_full Mini Review: Circular RNAs as Potential Clinical Biomarkers for Disorders in the Central Nervous System
title_fullStr Mini Review: Circular RNAs as Potential Clinical Biomarkers for Disorders in the Central Nervous System
title_full_unstemmed Mini Review: Circular RNAs as Potential Clinical Biomarkers for Disorders in the Central Nervous System
title_short Mini Review: Circular RNAs as Potential Clinical Biomarkers for Disorders in the Central Nervous System
title_sort mini review: circular rnas as potential clinical biomarkers for disorders in the central nervous system
topic Genetics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4821851/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27092176
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2016.00053
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