Good neurological outcome despite very low regional cerebral oxygen saturation during resuscitation—a prospective preclinical trial in 29 patients

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) measurement using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) might inform on extent and duration of cerebral hypoxia during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This information may be used to guide resuscitation efforts and may carry relevant early prognostic information. METHODS: We prospectively investigated non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients on scene. NIRS was started either during CPR or shortly after (<2 min) return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) by emergency medical service (EMS). Outcome was determined at intensive care unit (ICU) discharge and 6 months after cardiac arrest. RESULTS: A total of 29 OHCA patients were included. In 23 patients NIRS was started during CPR and in 6 patients immediately after ROSC. 18 (62.1 %) patients did not reach ROSC. Initial rSO(2) during CPR was very low (<50 % in all 23 patients, < 30 % in 19 of 23 patients) with no significant difference between patients achieving ROSC and those who did not. Of five patients with ROSC, in whom NIRS was recorded during CPR, two reached a good six-months outcome (initial rSO(2) 22 %) and three died during the ICU stay (initial rSO(2) 15, 16 and 46 %). In six patients with NIRS started immediately after ROSC (<2 min), rSO2 was substantially higher (54–85 %) than in patients during CPR (p = 0.006). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Initial frontal brain rSO(2) determined by NIRS during CPR was generally very low and recovered rapidly after ROSC. Very low initial rSO(2) during CPR was compatible with good neurological outcome in our limited cohort of patients. Further studies are needed to assess in larger cohorts and more detail the implications of very low initial rSO(2) during CPR on scene.