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Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of use of cannabis during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes. DATA SOURCES: 7 electronic databases were searched from inception to 1 April 2014. Studies that investigated the effects of use of cannabis during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes were includ...

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Autores principales: Gunn, J K L, Rosales, C B, Center, K E, Nuñez, A, Gibson, S J, Christ, C, Ehiri, J E
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4823436/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27048634
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009986
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author Gunn, J K L
Rosales, C B
Center, K E
Nuñez, A
Gibson, S J
Christ, C
Ehiri, J E
author_facet Gunn, J K L
Rosales, C B
Center, K E
Nuñez, A
Gibson, S J
Christ, C
Ehiri, J E
author_sort Gunn, J K L
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of use of cannabis during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes. DATA SOURCES: 7 electronic databases were searched from inception to 1 April 2014. Studies that investigated the effects of use of cannabis during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes were included. STUDY SELECTION: Case–control studies, cross-sectional and cohort studies were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data synthesis was undertaken via systematic review and meta-analysis of available evidence. All review stages were conducted independently by 2 reviewers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes up to 6 weeks postpartum after exposure to cannabis. Meta-analyses were conducted on variables that had 3 or more studies that measured an outcome in a consistent manner. Outcomes for which meta-analyses were conducted included: anaemia, birth weight, low birth weight, neonatal length, placement in the neonatal intensive care unit, gestational age, head circumference and preterm birth. RESULTS: 24 studies were included in the review. Results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that women who used cannabis during pregnancy had an increase in the odds of anaemia (pooled OR (pOR)=1.36: 95% CI 1.10 to 1.69) compared with women who did not use cannabis during pregnancy. Infants exposed to cannabis in utero had a decrease in birth weight (low birth weight pOR=1.77: 95% CI 1.04 to 3.01; pooled mean difference (pMD) for birth weight=109.42 g: 38.72 to 180.12) compared with infants whose mothers did not use cannabis during pregnancy. Infants exposed to cannabis in utero were also more likely to need placement in the neonatal intensive care unit compared with infants whose mothers did not use cannabis during pregnancy (pOR=2.02: 1.27 to 3.21). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Use of cannabis during pregnancy may increase adverse outcomes for women and their neonates. As use of cannabis gains social acceptance, pregnant women and their medical providers could benefit from health education on potential adverse effects of use of cannabis during pregnancy.
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spelling pubmed-48234362016-04-19 Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis Gunn, J K L Rosales, C B Center, K E Nuñez, A Gibson, S J Christ, C Ehiri, J E BMJ Open Public Health OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of use of cannabis during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes. DATA SOURCES: 7 electronic databases were searched from inception to 1 April 2014. Studies that investigated the effects of use of cannabis during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes were included. STUDY SELECTION: Case–control studies, cross-sectional and cohort studies were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data synthesis was undertaken via systematic review and meta-analysis of available evidence. All review stages were conducted independently by 2 reviewers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes up to 6 weeks postpartum after exposure to cannabis. Meta-analyses were conducted on variables that had 3 or more studies that measured an outcome in a consistent manner. Outcomes for which meta-analyses were conducted included: anaemia, birth weight, low birth weight, neonatal length, placement in the neonatal intensive care unit, gestational age, head circumference and preterm birth. RESULTS: 24 studies were included in the review. Results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that women who used cannabis during pregnancy had an increase in the odds of anaemia (pooled OR (pOR)=1.36: 95% CI 1.10 to 1.69) compared with women who did not use cannabis during pregnancy. Infants exposed to cannabis in utero had a decrease in birth weight (low birth weight pOR=1.77: 95% CI 1.04 to 3.01; pooled mean difference (pMD) for birth weight=109.42 g: 38.72 to 180.12) compared with infants whose mothers did not use cannabis during pregnancy. Infants exposed to cannabis in utero were also more likely to need placement in the neonatal intensive care unit compared with infants whose mothers did not use cannabis during pregnancy (pOR=2.02: 1.27 to 3.21). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Use of cannabis during pregnancy may increase adverse outcomes for women and their neonates. As use of cannabis gains social acceptance, pregnant women and their medical providers could benefit from health education on potential adverse effects of use of cannabis during pregnancy. BMJ Publishing Group 2016-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4823436/ /pubmed/27048634 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009986 Text en Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/ This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
spellingShingle Public Health
Gunn, J K L
Rosales, C B
Center, K E
Nuñez, A
Gibson, S J
Christ, C
Ehiri, J E
Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4823436/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27048634
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009986
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