An insight in magnetic field enhanced zero-valent iron/H(2)O(2) Fenton-like systems: Critical role and evolution of the pristine iron oxides layer

This study demonstrated the synergistic degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) achieved in a magnetic field (MF) enhanced zero-valent iron (ZVI)/H(2)O(2) Fenton-like (FL) system and revealed an interesting correlative dependence relationship between MF and the pristine iron oxides layer (Fe(x)O(y)) on ZVI particles. First, a comparative investigation between the FL and MF-FL systems was conducted under different experimental conditions. The MF-FL system could suppress the duration of initial lag degradation phase one order of magnitude in addition of the significant enhancement in overall 4-CP degradation. Monitoring of intermediates/products indicated that MF would just accelerate the Fenton reactions to produce hydroxyl radical more rapidly. Evolutions of simultaneously released dissolved iron species suggested that MF would not only improve mass-transfer of the initial heterogeneous reactions, but also modify the pristine ZVI surface. Characterizations of the specific prepared ZVI samples evidenced that MF would induce a special evolution mechanism of the ZVI particles surface depending on the existence of Fe(x)O(y) layer. It comprised of an initial rapid point dissolution of Fe(x)O(y) and a following pitting corrosion of the exposed Fe(0) reactive sites, finally leading to appearance of a particular rugged surface topography with numerous adjacent Fe(0) pits and Fe(x)O(y) tubercles.