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Cell-free circulating tumor DNA in cancer

Cancer is a common cause of death worldwide. Despite significant advances in cancer treatments, the morbidity and mortality are still enormous. Tumor heterogeneity, especially intratumoral heterogeneity, is a significant reason underlying difficulties in tumor treatment and failure of a number of cu...

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Autores principales: Qin, Zhen, Ljubimov, Vladimir A., Zhou, Cuiqi, Tong, Yunguang, Liang, Jimin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4823888/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27056366
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40880-016-0092-4
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author Qin, Zhen
Ljubimov, Vladimir A.
Zhou, Cuiqi
Tong, Yunguang
Liang, Jimin
author_facet Qin, Zhen
Ljubimov, Vladimir A.
Zhou, Cuiqi
Tong, Yunguang
Liang, Jimin
author_sort Qin, Zhen
collection PubMed
description Cancer is a common cause of death worldwide. Despite significant advances in cancer treatments, the morbidity and mortality are still enormous. Tumor heterogeneity, especially intratumoral heterogeneity, is a significant reason underlying difficulties in tumor treatment and failure of a number of current therapeutic modalities, even of molecularly targeted therapies. The development of a virtually noninvasive “liquid biopsy” from the blood has been attempted to characterize tumor heterogeneity. This review focuses on cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the bloodstream as a versatile biomarker. ctDNA analysis is an evolving field with many new methods being developed and optimized to be able to successfully extract and analyze ctDNA, which has vast clinical applications. ctDNA has the potential to accurately genotype the tumor and identify personalized genetic and epigenetic alterations of the entire tumor. In addition, ctDNA has the potential to accurately monitor tumor burden and treatment response, while also being able to monitor minimal residual disease, reducing the need for harmful adjuvant chemotherapy and allowing more rapid detection of relapse. There are still many challenges that need to be overcome prior to this biomarker getting wide adoption in the clinical world, including optimization, standardization, and large multicenter trials.
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spelling pubmed-48238882016-04-18 Cell-free circulating tumor DNA in cancer Qin, Zhen Ljubimov, Vladimir A. Zhou, Cuiqi Tong, Yunguang Liang, Jimin Chin J Cancer Review Cancer is a common cause of death worldwide. Despite significant advances in cancer treatments, the morbidity and mortality are still enormous. Tumor heterogeneity, especially intratumoral heterogeneity, is a significant reason underlying difficulties in tumor treatment and failure of a number of current therapeutic modalities, even of molecularly targeted therapies. The development of a virtually noninvasive “liquid biopsy” from the blood has been attempted to characterize tumor heterogeneity. This review focuses on cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the bloodstream as a versatile biomarker. ctDNA analysis is an evolving field with many new methods being developed and optimized to be able to successfully extract and analyze ctDNA, which has vast clinical applications. ctDNA has the potential to accurately genotype the tumor and identify personalized genetic and epigenetic alterations of the entire tumor. In addition, ctDNA has the potential to accurately monitor tumor burden and treatment response, while also being able to monitor minimal residual disease, reducing the need for harmful adjuvant chemotherapy and allowing more rapid detection of relapse. There are still many challenges that need to be overcome prior to this biomarker getting wide adoption in the clinical world, including optimization, standardization, and large multicenter trials. BioMed Central 2016-04-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4823888/ /pubmed/27056366 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40880-016-0092-4 Text en © Qin et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review
Qin, Zhen
Ljubimov, Vladimir A.
Zhou, Cuiqi
Tong, Yunguang
Liang, Jimin
Cell-free circulating tumor DNA in cancer
title Cell-free circulating tumor DNA in cancer
title_full Cell-free circulating tumor DNA in cancer
title_fullStr Cell-free circulating tumor DNA in cancer
title_full_unstemmed Cell-free circulating tumor DNA in cancer
title_short Cell-free circulating tumor DNA in cancer
title_sort cell-free circulating tumor dna in cancer
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4823888/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27056366
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40880-016-0092-4
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