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Investigation of the effects of estrogen on skeletal gene expression during zebrafish larval head development

The development of craniofacial skeletal structures requires well-orchestrated tissue interactions controlled by distinct molecular signals. Disruptions in normal function of these molecular signals have been associated with a wide range of craniofacial malformations. A pathway mediated by estrogens...

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Autores principales: Pashay Ahi, Ehsan, Walker, Benjamin S., Lassiter, Christopher S., Jónsson, Zophonías O.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4824909/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27069811
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1878
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author Pashay Ahi, Ehsan
Walker, Benjamin S.
Lassiter, Christopher S.
Jónsson, Zophonías O.
author_facet Pashay Ahi, Ehsan
Walker, Benjamin S.
Lassiter, Christopher S.
Jónsson, Zophonías O.
author_sort Pashay Ahi, Ehsan
collection PubMed
description The development of craniofacial skeletal structures requires well-orchestrated tissue interactions controlled by distinct molecular signals. Disruptions in normal function of these molecular signals have been associated with a wide range of craniofacial malformations. A pathway mediated by estrogens is one of those molecular signals that plays role in formation of bone and cartilage including craniofacial skeletogenesis. Studies in zebrafish have shown that while higher concentrations of 17-β estradiol (E(2)) cause severe craniofacial defects, treatment with lower concentrations result in subtle changes in head morphology characterized with shorter snouts and flatter faces. The molecular basis for these morphological changes, particularly the subtle skeletal effects mediated by lower E(2) concentrations, remains unexplored. In the present study we address these effects at a molecular level by quantitative expression analysis of sets of candidate genes in developing heads of zebrafish larvae treated with two different E(2) concentrations. To this end, we first validated three suitable reference genes, ppia2, rpl8 and tbp, to permit sensitive quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Next, we profiled the expression of 28 skeletogenesis-associated genes that potentially respond to estrogen signals and play role in craniofacial development. We found E(2) mediated differential expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, mmp2/9/13, sparc and timp2a, as well as components of skeletogenic pathways, bmp2a, erf, ptch1/2, rankl, rarab and sfrp1a. Furthermore, we identified a co-expressed network of genes, including cpn1, dnajc3, esr1, lman1, rrbp1a, ssr1 and tram1 with a stronger inductive response to a lower dose of E(2) during larval head development.
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spelling pubmed-48249092016-04-11 Investigation of the effects of estrogen on skeletal gene expression during zebrafish larval head development Pashay Ahi, Ehsan Walker, Benjamin S. Lassiter, Christopher S. Jónsson, Zophonías O. PeerJ Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science The development of craniofacial skeletal structures requires well-orchestrated tissue interactions controlled by distinct molecular signals. Disruptions in normal function of these molecular signals have been associated with a wide range of craniofacial malformations. A pathway mediated by estrogens is one of those molecular signals that plays role in formation of bone and cartilage including craniofacial skeletogenesis. Studies in zebrafish have shown that while higher concentrations of 17-β estradiol (E(2)) cause severe craniofacial defects, treatment with lower concentrations result in subtle changes in head morphology characterized with shorter snouts and flatter faces. The molecular basis for these morphological changes, particularly the subtle skeletal effects mediated by lower E(2) concentrations, remains unexplored. In the present study we address these effects at a molecular level by quantitative expression analysis of sets of candidate genes in developing heads of zebrafish larvae treated with two different E(2) concentrations. To this end, we first validated three suitable reference genes, ppia2, rpl8 and tbp, to permit sensitive quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Next, we profiled the expression of 28 skeletogenesis-associated genes that potentially respond to estrogen signals and play role in craniofacial development. We found E(2) mediated differential expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, mmp2/9/13, sparc and timp2a, as well as components of skeletogenic pathways, bmp2a, erf, ptch1/2, rankl, rarab and sfrp1a. Furthermore, we identified a co-expressed network of genes, including cpn1, dnajc3, esr1, lman1, rrbp1a, ssr1 and tram1 with a stronger inductive response to a lower dose of E(2) during larval head development. PeerJ Inc. 2016-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC4824909/ /pubmed/27069811 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1878 Text en ©2016 Pashay Ahi et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science
Pashay Ahi, Ehsan
Walker, Benjamin S.
Lassiter, Christopher S.
Jónsson, Zophonías O.
Investigation of the effects of estrogen on skeletal gene expression during zebrafish larval head development
title Investigation of the effects of estrogen on skeletal gene expression during zebrafish larval head development
title_full Investigation of the effects of estrogen on skeletal gene expression during zebrafish larval head development
title_fullStr Investigation of the effects of estrogen on skeletal gene expression during zebrafish larval head development
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of the effects of estrogen on skeletal gene expression during zebrafish larval head development
title_short Investigation of the effects of estrogen on skeletal gene expression during zebrafish larval head development
title_sort investigation of the effects of estrogen on skeletal gene expression during zebrafish larval head development
topic Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4824909/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27069811
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1878
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