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The effect of kynurenic acid on the synthesis of selected cytokines by murine splenocytes – in vitro and ex vivo studies
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a secondary product of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation, known mainly as an endogenous neuroprotectant, shows also immunotropic properties. Some quantities of KYNA are present in food and are effectively absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Since the spleen...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Polish Society of Experimental and Clinical Immunology
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4829820/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27095921 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2016.58815 |
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author | Małaczewska, Joanna Siwicki, Andrzej K. Wójcik, Roman M. Turski, Waldemar A. Kaczorek, Edyta |
author_facet | Małaczewska, Joanna Siwicki, Andrzej K. Wójcik, Roman M. Turski, Waldemar A. Kaczorek, Edyta |
author_sort | Małaczewska, Joanna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a secondary product of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation, known mainly as an endogenous neuroprotectant, shows also immunotropic properties. Some quantities of KYNA are present in food and are effectively absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Since the spleen is an important target of dietary immunomodulators, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of exogenous KYNA on murine splenocytes. Splenocytes isolated from adult BALB/c mice were used in the study. Firstly, the effect of increasing KYNA concentrations (0-5 mM) on the viability, and proliferative and cytokine response (interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α]) of murine splenocytes under in vitro conditions was determined. Then, proliferative and cytokine responses were determined in cells derived from animals receiving kynurenic acid in drinking water at concentrations of 2.5, 25, or 250 mg/l for 7-14 days. Cytokine levels were measured using commercial immunoassay (ELISA) kits, and cell viability and proliferation was determined with MTT reduction assay. Exogenous KYNA was characterised by a low level of cytotoxicity towards murine splenocytes, and was well tolerated by the animals receiving it in drinking water. As expected, it exhibited anti-inflammatory action towards the activated splenocytes, under both in vitro and ex vivo conditions. Surprisingly, however, KYNA itself influenced the activity of resting, non-stimulated cells, exerting an immunostimulant effect in vitro, and an immunosuppressive effect under ex vivo conditions. The obtained results indicate not only anti-inflammatory, but also more complex, immunomodulating properties of KYNA, which require more detailed investigation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4829820 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Polish Society of Experimental and Clinical Immunology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48298202016-04-19 The effect of kynurenic acid on the synthesis of selected cytokines by murine splenocytes – in vitro and ex vivo studies Małaczewska, Joanna Siwicki, Andrzej K. Wójcik, Roman M. Turski, Waldemar A. Kaczorek, Edyta Cent Eur J Immunol Original Paper Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a secondary product of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation, known mainly as an endogenous neuroprotectant, shows also immunotropic properties. Some quantities of KYNA are present in food and are effectively absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Since the spleen is an important target of dietary immunomodulators, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of exogenous KYNA on murine splenocytes. Splenocytes isolated from adult BALB/c mice were used in the study. Firstly, the effect of increasing KYNA concentrations (0-5 mM) on the viability, and proliferative and cytokine response (interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α]) of murine splenocytes under in vitro conditions was determined. Then, proliferative and cytokine responses were determined in cells derived from animals receiving kynurenic acid in drinking water at concentrations of 2.5, 25, or 250 mg/l for 7-14 days. Cytokine levels were measured using commercial immunoassay (ELISA) kits, and cell viability and proliferation was determined with MTT reduction assay. Exogenous KYNA was characterised by a low level of cytotoxicity towards murine splenocytes, and was well tolerated by the animals receiving it in drinking water. As expected, it exhibited anti-inflammatory action towards the activated splenocytes, under both in vitro and ex vivo conditions. Surprisingly, however, KYNA itself influenced the activity of resting, non-stimulated cells, exerting an immunostimulant effect in vitro, and an immunosuppressive effect under ex vivo conditions. The obtained results indicate not only anti-inflammatory, but also more complex, immunomodulating properties of KYNA, which require more detailed investigation. Polish Society of Experimental and Clinical Immunology 2016-03-24 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC4829820/ /pubmed/27095921 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2016.58815 Text en Copyright © Central European Journal of Immunology 2016 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license. |
spellingShingle | Original Paper Małaczewska, Joanna Siwicki, Andrzej K. Wójcik, Roman M. Turski, Waldemar A. Kaczorek, Edyta The effect of kynurenic acid on the synthesis of selected cytokines by murine splenocytes – in vitro and ex vivo studies |
title | The effect of kynurenic acid on the synthesis of selected cytokines by murine splenocytes – in vitro and ex vivo studies |
title_full | The effect of kynurenic acid on the synthesis of selected cytokines by murine splenocytes – in vitro and ex vivo studies |
title_fullStr | The effect of kynurenic acid on the synthesis of selected cytokines by murine splenocytes – in vitro and ex vivo studies |
title_full_unstemmed | The effect of kynurenic acid on the synthesis of selected cytokines by murine splenocytes – in vitro and ex vivo studies |
title_short | The effect of kynurenic acid on the synthesis of selected cytokines by murine splenocytes – in vitro and ex vivo studies |
title_sort | effect of kynurenic acid on the synthesis of selected cytokines by murine splenocytes – in vitro and ex vivo studies |
topic | Original Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4829820/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27095921 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2016.58815 |
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