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Animal trypanosomosis in clinically healthy cattle of north Cameroon: epidemiological implications

BACKGROUND: The control of animal trypanosomosis consists, amongst other things, of the punctual treatment of new cases, primarily diagnosed by pastoralists on the basis of clinical signs. This practice suggests that many apparently healthy infected animals are left untreated. In this study animal t...

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Autores principales: Mamoudou, Abdoulmoumini, Njanloga, Alexandre, Hayatou, Aliyou, Suh, Pierre Fongho, Achukwi, Mbunkah Daniel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831123/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27075986
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1498-1
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author Mamoudou, Abdoulmoumini
Njanloga, Alexandre
Hayatou, Aliyou
Suh, Pierre Fongho
Achukwi, Mbunkah Daniel
author_facet Mamoudou, Abdoulmoumini
Njanloga, Alexandre
Hayatou, Aliyou
Suh, Pierre Fongho
Achukwi, Mbunkah Daniel
author_sort Mamoudou, Abdoulmoumini
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The control of animal trypanosomosis consists, amongst other things, of the punctual treatment of new cases, primarily diagnosed by pastoralists on the basis of clinical signs. This practice suggests that many apparently healthy infected animals are left untreated. In this study animal trypanosomosis in clinically healthy zebu cattle was evaluated, the distribution of the vectors established and the epidemiological implications discussed. METHODS: In 2014 two cross-sectional surveys were carried out in the Cambeef ranch. A total of 866 blood samples were collected from cattle in different sites: 549 in the dry season and 317 in the rainy season. The blood samples were subjected to parasitological examination using the buffy coat method and to PCV determination. An entomological survey on animal trypanosomosis vectors was undertaken during tsetse flies caught were identified and the mid-gut of each living non-teneral tsetse fly was examined for infections using a microscope. RESULTS: An overall trypanosomosis prevalence of 9 % was found in the cattle examined. There were significantly (P < 0.05) more trypanosome infected cattle in the dry season than the rainy season. Trypanosome-infected cattle had significantly (P < 0.05) lower Body Condition Scores (BCS) and Packed Cell Volumes (PCV) in the dry season than in the rainy season. Anemia was positively correlated with trypanosome infection. The likelihood for an animal to be parasitologically free of trypanosome infection was at least three times as high in the Gudali breed as compared with the white and red Fulani breeds. Species of trypanosomes identified were Trypanosoma vivax (73.23 %), Trypanosoma congolense (15.49 %) and Trypanosoma brucei (11.27 %). A total of 390 tsetse flies and 103 tabanids were trapped. Two species of tsetse flies were identified: Glossina tachinoides (33.59 %) and G. morsitans submorsitans (41 %). Nine of the 194 non-teneral flies were infected with trypanosomes. CONCLUSION: Carriers of trypanosomes are present amongst apparently healthy cattle in the study site. Attempts to successfully reduce the population of reservoir trypanosomes within herds and control the disease will need to consider mass screening once every year and this should be associated with drug sensitivity tests.
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spelling pubmed-48311232016-04-15 Animal trypanosomosis in clinically healthy cattle of north Cameroon: epidemiological implications Mamoudou, Abdoulmoumini Njanloga, Alexandre Hayatou, Aliyou Suh, Pierre Fongho Achukwi, Mbunkah Daniel Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: The control of animal trypanosomosis consists, amongst other things, of the punctual treatment of new cases, primarily diagnosed by pastoralists on the basis of clinical signs. This practice suggests that many apparently healthy infected animals are left untreated. In this study animal trypanosomosis in clinically healthy zebu cattle was evaluated, the distribution of the vectors established and the epidemiological implications discussed. METHODS: In 2014 two cross-sectional surveys were carried out in the Cambeef ranch. A total of 866 blood samples were collected from cattle in different sites: 549 in the dry season and 317 in the rainy season. The blood samples were subjected to parasitological examination using the buffy coat method and to PCV determination. An entomological survey on animal trypanosomosis vectors was undertaken during tsetse flies caught were identified and the mid-gut of each living non-teneral tsetse fly was examined for infections using a microscope. RESULTS: An overall trypanosomosis prevalence of 9 % was found in the cattle examined. There were significantly (P < 0.05) more trypanosome infected cattle in the dry season than the rainy season. Trypanosome-infected cattle had significantly (P < 0.05) lower Body Condition Scores (BCS) and Packed Cell Volumes (PCV) in the dry season than in the rainy season. Anemia was positively correlated with trypanosome infection. The likelihood for an animal to be parasitologically free of trypanosome infection was at least three times as high in the Gudali breed as compared with the white and red Fulani breeds. Species of trypanosomes identified were Trypanosoma vivax (73.23 %), Trypanosoma congolense (15.49 %) and Trypanosoma brucei (11.27 %). A total of 390 tsetse flies and 103 tabanids were trapped. Two species of tsetse flies were identified: Glossina tachinoides (33.59 %) and G. morsitans submorsitans (41 %). Nine of the 194 non-teneral flies were infected with trypanosomes. CONCLUSION: Carriers of trypanosomes are present amongst apparently healthy cattle in the study site. Attempts to successfully reduce the population of reservoir trypanosomes within herds and control the disease will need to consider mass screening once every year and this should be associated with drug sensitivity tests. BioMed Central 2016-04-13 /pmc/articles/PMC4831123/ /pubmed/27075986 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1498-1 Text en © Mamoudou et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Mamoudou, Abdoulmoumini
Njanloga, Alexandre
Hayatou, Aliyou
Suh, Pierre Fongho
Achukwi, Mbunkah Daniel
Animal trypanosomosis in clinically healthy cattle of north Cameroon: epidemiological implications
title Animal trypanosomosis in clinically healthy cattle of north Cameroon: epidemiological implications
title_full Animal trypanosomosis in clinically healthy cattle of north Cameroon: epidemiological implications
title_fullStr Animal trypanosomosis in clinically healthy cattle of north Cameroon: epidemiological implications
title_full_unstemmed Animal trypanosomosis in clinically healthy cattle of north Cameroon: epidemiological implications
title_short Animal trypanosomosis in clinically healthy cattle of north Cameroon: epidemiological implications
title_sort animal trypanosomosis in clinically healthy cattle of north cameroon: epidemiological implications
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831123/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27075986
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1498-1
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