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Neuroinflammation in the peripheral nerve: Cause, modulator, or bystander in peripheral neuropathies?

The role of innate and adaptive inflammation as a primary driver or modifier of neuropathy in premorbidly normal nerves, and as a critical player in amplifying neuropathies of other known causes (e.g., genetic, metabolic) is incompletely understood and under‐researched, despite unmet clinical need....

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Martini, Rudolf, Willison, Hugh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4832258/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250643
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.22899
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author Martini, Rudolf
Willison, Hugh
author_facet Martini, Rudolf
Willison, Hugh
author_sort Martini, Rudolf
collection PubMed
description The role of innate and adaptive inflammation as a primary driver or modifier of neuropathy in premorbidly normal nerves, and as a critical player in amplifying neuropathies of other known causes (e.g., genetic, metabolic) is incompletely understood and under‐researched, despite unmet clinical need. Also, cellular and humoral components of the adaptive and innate immune system are substantial disease modifying agents in the context of neuropathies and, at least in some neuropathies, there is an identified tight interrelationship between both compartments of the immune system. Additionally, the quadruple relationship between Schwann cell, axon, macrophage, and endoneurial fibroblast, with their diverse membrane bound and soluble signalling systems, forms a distinct focus for investigation in nerve diseases with inflammation secondary to Schwann cell mutations and possibly others. Identification of key immunological effector pathways that amplify neuropathic features and associated clinical symptomatology including pain should lead to realistic and timely possibilities for translatable therapeutic interventions using existing immunomodulators, alongside the development of novel therapeutic targets. GLIA 2016;64:475–486
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spelling pubmed-48322582016-04-20 Neuroinflammation in the peripheral nerve: Cause, modulator, or bystander in peripheral neuropathies? Martini, Rudolf Willison, Hugh Glia Review Articles The role of innate and adaptive inflammation as a primary driver or modifier of neuropathy in premorbidly normal nerves, and as a critical player in amplifying neuropathies of other known causes (e.g., genetic, metabolic) is incompletely understood and under‐researched, despite unmet clinical need. Also, cellular and humoral components of the adaptive and innate immune system are substantial disease modifying agents in the context of neuropathies and, at least in some neuropathies, there is an identified tight interrelationship between both compartments of the immune system. Additionally, the quadruple relationship between Schwann cell, axon, macrophage, and endoneurial fibroblast, with their diverse membrane bound and soluble signalling systems, forms a distinct focus for investigation in nerve diseases with inflammation secondary to Schwann cell mutations and possibly others. Identification of key immunological effector pathways that amplify neuropathic features and associated clinical symptomatology including pain should lead to realistic and timely possibilities for translatable therapeutic interventions using existing immunomodulators, alongside the development of novel therapeutic targets. GLIA 2016;64:475–486 John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2015-08-06 2016-04 /pmc/articles/PMC4832258/ /pubmed/26250643 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.22899 Text en © 2015 The Authors. Glia Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Articles
Martini, Rudolf
Willison, Hugh
Neuroinflammation in the peripheral nerve: Cause, modulator, or bystander in peripheral neuropathies?
title Neuroinflammation in the peripheral nerve: Cause, modulator, or bystander in peripheral neuropathies?
title_full Neuroinflammation in the peripheral nerve: Cause, modulator, or bystander in peripheral neuropathies?
title_fullStr Neuroinflammation in the peripheral nerve: Cause, modulator, or bystander in peripheral neuropathies?
title_full_unstemmed Neuroinflammation in the peripheral nerve: Cause, modulator, or bystander in peripheral neuropathies?
title_short Neuroinflammation in the peripheral nerve: Cause, modulator, or bystander in peripheral neuropathies?
title_sort neuroinflammation in the peripheral nerve: cause, modulator, or bystander in peripheral neuropathies?
topic Review Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4832258/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250643
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.22899
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