The Effects of Light, Temperature, and Nutrition on Growth and Pigment Accumulation of Three Dunaliella salina Strains Isolated from Saline Soil

BACKGROUND: Developing algal industries in saline-alkali areas is necessary. However, suitable strains and optimal production conditions must be studied before widespread commercial use. OBJECTIVES: The effects of light, temperature, KNO(3), and CO(NH(2))(2) on beta-carotene and biomass accumulation were compared and evaluated in order to provide scientific guidance for commercial algal production in northeastern Thailand. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An orthogonal design was used for evaluating optimal conditions for the algal production of three candidate Dunaliella salina strains (KU XI, KU 10 and KU 31) which were isolated from saline soils and cultured in the column photobioreactor. RESULTS: The optimal light and temperature for algae growth were 135.3 μmol m(-2) s(-1) and 22°C, while the conditions of 245.6 μmol m(-2) s(-1) and 22°C induced the highest level of beta-carotene production (117.99 mg L(-1)). The optimal concentrations of KNO(3), CO(NH(2))(2), and NaHCO(3) for algae growth were 0.5 g L(-1), 0.36 g L(-1), and 1.5 g L(-1), respectively, while 0, 0.12 g L(-1) and 1.5 g L(-1) were best suited for beta-carotene accumulation. The highest beta-carotene rate per cell appeared with the highest light intensity (12.21 pg) and lowest temperature (12.47 pg), and the lowest total beta-carotene content appeared at the lowest temperature (15°C). There was not a significant difference in biomass accumulation among the three Dunaliella strains; however, the beta-carotene accumulation of KU XI was higher than that of the other two strains. CONCLUSIONS: Light and temperature were both relevant factors that contributed to the growth and beta-carotene accumulation of the three D. salina strains, and NaHCO(3) had significantly positive effects on growth. The degree of impact of the different factors on cell growth was temperature > NaHCO(3) > light intensity > KNO(3) > CO (NH(2))(2) > strains; the impact on beta-carotene accumulation was temperature > light intensity > KNO(3) > CO (NH(2))(2) > strains > NaHCO(3)