Responses to Traumatic Brain Injury Screening Questions and Suicide Attempts among Those Seeking Veterans Health Administration Mental Health Services

BACKGROUND: Psychometrically sound screening tools available to aid in the identification of lifetime history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are limited. As such, the Traumatic Brain Injury-4 (TBI-4) was developed and implemented in a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) mental health clinic. To provide information regarding both the predictive validity and clinical utility of the TBI-4, the relationship between screening results and future suicide attempts was evaluated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether a positive screen on the TBI-4 was associated with increased risk for suicide attempt within 1-year post screening. METHODS: The TBI-4 was administered to 1,097 Veterans at the time of mental health intake. Follow-up data regarding suicide attempts for the year post-mental health intake were obtained from suicide behavior reports (SBRs) in Veteran electronic medical records (EMRs). Fisher’s exact tests were used to determine the proportion of suicide attempts by TBI-4 status. RESULTS: In the year post TBI-4 screening, significantly more Veterans who screened positive had a documented suicide attempt as compared to those who screened negative (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Those with a positive TBI screen at mental health intake had a higher proportion of SBRs than those who screened negative for TBI. Findings provided further psychometric support for the TBI-4. Moreover, results suggest the inclusion of this screen could prove to be helpful in identifying those who may be at risk for future suicide attempt within 1-year post screening.