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Effects of sardine-enriched diet on metabolic control, inflammation and gut microbiota in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized trial

BACKGROUND: Nutrition therapy is the cornerstone of treating diabetes mellitus. The inclusion of fish (particularly oily fish) at least two times per week is recommended by current international dietary guidelines for type 2 diabetes. In contrast to a large number of human studies examining the effe...

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Autores principales: Balfegó, Mariona, Canivell, Silvia, Hanzu, Felicia A., Sala-Vila, Aleix, Martínez-Medina, Margarita, Murillo, Serafín, Mur, Teresa, Ruano, Elena G., Linares, Francisca, Porras, Nuria, Valladares, Silvia, Fontalba, Maria, Roura, Elena, Novials, Anna, Hernández, Cristina, Aranda, Gloria, Sisó-Almirall, Antoni, Rojo-Martínez, Gemma, Simó, Rafael, Gomis, Ramon
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4836051/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27090218
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12944-016-0245-0
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author Balfegó, Mariona
Canivell, Silvia
Hanzu, Felicia A.
Sala-Vila, Aleix
Martínez-Medina, Margarita
Murillo, Serafín
Mur, Teresa
Ruano, Elena G.
Linares, Francisca
Porras, Nuria
Valladares, Silvia
Fontalba, Maria
Roura, Elena
Novials, Anna
Hernández, Cristina
Aranda, Gloria
Sisó-Almirall, Antoni
Rojo-Martínez, Gemma
Simó, Rafael
Gomis, Ramon
author_facet Balfegó, Mariona
Canivell, Silvia
Hanzu, Felicia A.
Sala-Vila, Aleix
Martínez-Medina, Margarita
Murillo, Serafín
Mur, Teresa
Ruano, Elena G.
Linares, Francisca
Porras, Nuria
Valladares, Silvia
Fontalba, Maria
Roura, Elena
Novials, Anna
Hernández, Cristina
Aranda, Gloria
Sisó-Almirall, Antoni
Rojo-Martínez, Gemma
Simó, Rafael
Gomis, Ramon
author_sort Balfegó, Mariona
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Nutrition therapy is the cornerstone of treating diabetes mellitus. The inclusion of fish (particularly oily fish) at least two times per week is recommended by current international dietary guidelines for type 2 diabetes. In contrast to a large number of human studies examining the effects of oily fish on different cardiovascular risk factors, little research on this topic is available in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aims of this pilot study were to investigate the effects of a sardine-enriched diet on metabolic control, adiponectin, inflammatory markers, erythrocyte membrane fatty acid (EMFA) composition, and gut microbiota in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: 35 drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to follow either a type 2 diabetes standard diet (control group: CG), or a standard diet enriched with 100 g of sardines 5 days a week (sardine group: SG) for 6 months. Anthropometric, dietary information, fasting glycated hemoglobin, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, inflammatory markers, EMFA and specific bacterial strains were determined before and after intervention. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in glycemic control between groups at the end of the study. Both groups decreased plasma insulin (SG: −35.3 %, P = 0.01, CG: −22.6 %, P = 0.02) and homeostasis model of assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SG: −39.2 %, P = 0.007, CG: −21.8 %, P = 0.04) at 6-months from baseline. However only SG increased adiponectin in plasma compared to baseline level (+40.7 %, P = 0.04). The omega-3 index increased 2.6 % in the SG compared to 0.6 % in the CG (P = 0.001). Both dietary interventions decreased phylum Firmicutes (SG and CG: P = 0.04) and increased E. coli concentrations (SG: P = 0.01, CG: P = 0.03) at the end of the study from baseline, whereas SG decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P = 0.04) and increased Bacteroides-Prevotella (P = 0.004) compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Although enriching diet with 100 g of sardines 5 days a week during 6 months to a type 2 diabetes standard diet seems to have neutral effects on glycemic control in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes, this nutritional intervention could have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, both dietary interventions decreased HOMA-IR and altered gut microbiota composition of drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial number and name of the registry: NCT02294526, ClinicalTrials.gov ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0245-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-48360512016-04-20 Effects of sardine-enriched diet on metabolic control, inflammation and gut microbiota in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized trial Balfegó, Mariona Canivell, Silvia Hanzu, Felicia A. Sala-Vila, Aleix Martínez-Medina, Margarita Murillo, Serafín Mur, Teresa Ruano, Elena G. Linares, Francisca Porras, Nuria Valladares, Silvia Fontalba, Maria Roura, Elena Novials, Anna Hernández, Cristina Aranda, Gloria Sisó-Almirall, Antoni Rojo-Martínez, Gemma Simó, Rafael Gomis, Ramon Lipids Health Dis Research BACKGROUND: Nutrition therapy is the cornerstone of treating diabetes mellitus. The inclusion of fish (particularly oily fish) at least two times per week is recommended by current international dietary guidelines for type 2 diabetes. In contrast to a large number of human studies examining the effects of oily fish on different cardiovascular risk factors, little research on this topic is available in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aims of this pilot study were to investigate the effects of a sardine-enriched diet on metabolic control, adiponectin, inflammatory markers, erythrocyte membrane fatty acid (EMFA) composition, and gut microbiota in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: 35 drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to follow either a type 2 diabetes standard diet (control group: CG), or a standard diet enriched with 100 g of sardines 5 days a week (sardine group: SG) for 6 months. Anthropometric, dietary information, fasting glycated hemoglobin, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, inflammatory markers, EMFA and specific bacterial strains were determined before and after intervention. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in glycemic control between groups at the end of the study. Both groups decreased plasma insulin (SG: −35.3 %, P = 0.01, CG: −22.6 %, P = 0.02) and homeostasis model of assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SG: −39.2 %, P = 0.007, CG: −21.8 %, P = 0.04) at 6-months from baseline. However only SG increased adiponectin in plasma compared to baseline level (+40.7 %, P = 0.04). The omega-3 index increased 2.6 % in the SG compared to 0.6 % in the CG (P = 0.001). Both dietary interventions decreased phylum Firmicutes (SG and CG: P = 0.04) and increased E. coli concentrations (SG: P = 0.01, CG: P = 0.03) at the end of the study from baseline, whereas SG decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P = 0.04) and increased Bacteroides-Prevotella (P = 0.004) compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Although enriching diet with 100 g of sardines 5 days a week during 6 months to a type 2 diabetes standard diet seems to have neutral effects on glycemic control in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes, this nutritional intervention could have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, both dietary interventions decreased HOMA-IR and altered gut microbiota composition of drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial number and name of the registry: NCT02294526, ClinicalTrials.gov ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0245-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-04-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4836051/ /pubmed/27090218 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12944-016-0245-0 Text en © Balfegó et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Balfegó, Mariona
Canivell, Silvia
Hanzu, Felicia A.
Sala-Vila, Aleix
Martínez-Medina, Margarita
Murillo, Serafín
Mur, Teresa
Ruano, Elena G.
Linares, Francisca
Porras, Nuria
Valladares, Silvia
Fontalba, Maria
Roura, Elena
Novials, Anna
Hernández, Cristina
Aranda, Gloria
Sisó-Almirall, Antoni
Rojo-Martínez, Gemma
Simó, Rafael
Gomis, Ramon
Effects of sardine-enriched diet on metabolic control, inflammation and gut microbiota in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized trial
title Effects of sardine-enriched diet on metabolic control, inflammation and gut microbiota in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized trial
title_full Effects of sardine-enriched diet on metabolic control, inflammation and gut microbiota in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized trial
title_fullStr Effects of sardine-enriched diet on metabolic control, inflammation and gut microbiota in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized trial
title_full_unstemmed Effects of sardine-enriched diet on metabolic control, inflammation and gut microbiota in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized trial
title_short Effects of sardine-enriched diet on metabolic control, inflammation and gut microbiota in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized trial
title_sort effects of sardine-enriched diet on metabolic control, inflammation and gut microbiota in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized trial
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4836051/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27090218
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12944-016-0245-0
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