Cargando…

Inoculum Potential of Fusarium spp. Relates to Tillage and Straw Management in Norwegian Fields of Spring Oats

The increased occurrence of Fusarium-mycotoxins in Norwegian cereals over the last decade, is thought to be caused by increased inoculum resulting from more cereal residues at the soil surface as a result of reduced tillage practices. In addition, weather conditions have increasingly promoted inocul...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hofgaard, Ingerd S., Seehusen, Till, Aamot, Heidi U., Riley, Hugh, Razzaghian, Jafar, Le, Vinh H., Hjelkrem, Anne-Grete R., Dill-Macky, Ruth, Brodal, Guro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4841101/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27148236
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00556
_version_ 1782428343894802432
author Hofgaard, Ingerd S.
Seehusen, Till
Aamot, Heidi U.
Riley, Hugh
Razzaghian, Jafar
Le, Vinh H.
Hjelkrem, Anne-Grete R.
Dill-Macky, Ruth
Brodal, Guro
author_facet Hofgaard, Ingerd S.
Seehusen, Till
Aamot, Heidi U.
Riley, Hugh
Razzaghian, Jafar
Le, Vinh H.
Hjelkrem, Anne-Grete R.
Dill-Macky, Ruth
Brodal, Guro
author_sort Hofgaard, Ingerd S.
collection PubMed
description The increased occurrence of Fusarium-mycotoxins in Norwegian cereals over the last decade, is thought to be caused by increased inoculum resulting from more cereal residues at the soil surface as a result of reduced tillage practices. In addition, weather conditions have increasingly promoted inoculum development and infection by Fusarium species. The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of different tillage regimes (autumn plowing; autumn harrowing; spring plowing; spring harrowing) on the inoculum potential (IP) and dispersal of Fusarium spp. in spring oats. Tillage trials were conducted at two different locations in southeast Norway from 2010 to 2012. Oat residues from the previous year’s crop were collected within a week after sowing for evaluation. IP was calculated as the percentage of residues infested with Fusarium spp. multiplied by the proportion of the soil surface covered with residues. Fusarium avenaceum and F. graminearum were the most common Fusarium species recovered from oat residues. The IP of Fusarium spp. was significantly lower in plowed plots compared to those that were harrowed. Plowing in either the autumn or spring resulted in a low IP. Harrowing in autumn was more effective in reducing IP than the spring harrowing, and IP levels for the spring harrowed treatments were generally higher than all other tillage treatments examined. Surprisingly low levels of F. langsethiae were detected in the residues, although this species is a common pathogen of oat in Norway. The percentage of the residues infested with F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. langsethiae generally related to the quantity of DNA of the respective Fusarium species determined using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Fusarium dispersal, quantified by qPCR analysis of spore trap samples collected at and after heading, generally corresponded to the IP. Fusarium dispersal was also observed to increase after rainy periods. Our findings are in line with the general understanding that plowing is a means to reduce the IP of Fusarium spp. in cereal fields. The main inoculum source for F. langsethiae remains unclear. Our results will be useful in the development of forecasting tools to calculate the risk of Fusarium in cereals.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4841101
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2016
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-48411012016-05-04 Inoculum Potential of Fusarium spp. Relates to Tillage and Straw Management in Norwegian Fields of Spring Oats Hofgaard, Ingerd S. Seehusen, Till Aamot, Heidi U. Riley, Hugh Razzaghian, Jafar Le, Vinh H. Hjelkrem, Anne-Grete R. Dill-Macky, Ruth Brodal, Guro Front Microbiol Microbiology The increased occurrence of Fusarium-mycotoxins in Norwegian cereals over the last decade, is thought to be caused by increased inoculum resulting from more cereal residues at the soil surface as a result of reduced tillage practices. In addition, weather conditions have increasingly promoted inoculum development and infection by Fusarium species. The objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of different tillage regimes (autumn plowing; autumn harrowing; spring plowing; spring harrowing) on the inoculum potential (IP) and dispersal of Fusarium spp. in spring oats. Tillage trials were conducted at two different locations in southeast Norway from 2010 to 2012. Oat residues from the previous year’s crop were collected within a week after sowing for evaluation. IP was calculated as the percentage of residues infested with Fusarium spp. multiplied by the proportion of the soil surface covered with residues. Fusarium avenaceum and F. graminearum were the most common Fusarium species recovered from oat residues. The IP of Fusarium spp. was significantly lower in plowed plots compared to those that were harrowed. Plowing in either the autumn or spring resulted in a low IP. Harrowing in autumn was more effective in reducing IP than the spring harrowing, and IP levels for the spring harrowed treatments were generally higher than all other tillage treatments examined. Surprisingly low levels of F. langsethiae were detected in the residues, although this species is a common pathogen of oat in Norway. The percentage of the residues infested with F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. langsethiae generally related to the quantity of DNA of the respective Fusarium species determined using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Fusarium dispersal, quantified by qPCR analysis of spore trap samples collected at and after heading, generally corresponded to the IP. Fusarium dispersal was also observed to increase after rainy periods. Our findings are in line with the general understanding that plowing is a means to reduce the IP of Fusarium spp. in cereal fields. The main inoculum source for F. langsethiae remains unclear. Our results will be useful in the development of forecasting tools to calculate the risk of Fusarium in cereals. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-04-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4841101/ /pubmed/27148236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00556 Text en Copyright © 2016 Hofgaard, Seehusen, Aamot, Riley, Razzaghian, Le, Hjelkrem, Dill-Macky and Brodal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Hofgaard, Ingerd S.
Seehusen, Till
Aamot, Heidi U.
Riley, Hugh
Razzaghian, Jafar
Le, Vinh H.
Hjelkrem, Anne-Grete R.
Dill-Macky, Ruth
Brodal, Guro
Inoculum Potential of Fusarium spp. Relates to Tillage and Straw Management in Norwegian Fields of Spring Oats
title Inoculum Potential of Fusarium spp. Relates to Tillage and Straw Management in Norwegian Fields of Spring Oats
title_full Inoculum Potential of Fusarium spp. Relates to Tillage and Straw Management in Norwegian Fields of Spring Oats
title_fullStr Inoculum Potential of Fusarium spp. Relates to Tillage and Straw Management in Norwegian Fields of Spring Oats
title_full_unstemmed Inoculum Potential of Fusarium spp. Relates to Tillage and Straw Management in Norwegian Fields of Spring Oats
title_short Inoculum Potential of Fusarium spp. Relates to Tillage and Straw Management in Norwegian Fields of Spring Oats
title_sort inoculum potential of fusarium spp. relates to tillage and straw management in norwegian fields of spring oats
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4841101/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27148236
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00556
work_keys_str_mv AT hofgaardingerds inoculumpotentialoffusariumspprelatestotillageandstrawmanagementinnorwegianfieldsofspringoats
AT seehusentill inoculumpotentialoffusariumspprelatestotillageandstrawmanagementinnorwegianfieldsofspringoats
AT aamotheidiu inoculumpotentialoffusariumspprelatestotillageandstrawmanagementinnorwegianfieldsofspringoats
AT rileyhugh inoculumpotentialoffusariumspprelatestotillageandstrawmanagementinnorwegianfieldsofspringoats
AT razzaghianjafar inoculumpotentialoffusariumspprelatestotillageandstrawmanagementinnorwegianfieldsofspringoats
AT levinhh inoculumpotentialoffusariumspprelatestotillageandstrawmanagementinnorwegianfieldsofspringoats
AT hjelkremannegreter inoculumpotentialoffusariumspprelatestotillageandstrawmanagementinnorwegianfieldsofspringoats
AT dillmackyruth inoculumpotentialoffusariumspprelatestotillageandstrawmanagementinnorwegianfieldsofspringoats
AT brodalguro inoculumpotentialoffusariumspprelatestotillageandstrawmanagementinnorwegianfieldsofspringoats