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Long Noncoding RNAs as Novel Biomarkers Have a Promising Future in Cancer Diagnostics

Cancers have a high mortality rate due to lack of suitable specific early diagnosis tumor biomarkers. Emerging evidence is accumulating that lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis, tumor cells proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, extracel...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Shi, Ting, Gao, Ge, Cao, Yingli
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4842029/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27143813
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9085195
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author Shi, Ting
Gao, Ge
Cao, Yingli
author_facet Shi, Ting
Gao, Ge
Cao, Yingli
author_sort Shi, Ting
collection PubMed
description Cancers have a high mortality rate due to lack of suitable specific early diagnosis tumor biomarkers. Emerging evidence is accumulating that lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis, tumor cells proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, extracellular lncRNAs can circulate in body fluids; they can be detected and strongly resist RNases. Many researchers have found that lncRNAs could be good candidates for tumor biomarkers and possessed high specificity, high sensitivity, and noninvasive characteristics. In this review, we summarize the detection methods and possible sources of circulating lncRNAs and outline the biological functions and expression level of the most significant lncRNAs in tissues, cell lines, and body fluids (whole blood, plasma, urine, gastric juice, and saliva) of different kinds of tumors. We evaluate the diagnostic performance of lncRNAs as tumor biomarkers. However, the biological functions and the mechanisms of circulating lncRNAs secretion have not been fully understood. The uniform normalization protocol of sample collection, lncRNAs extraction, endogenous control selection, quality assessment, and quantitative data analysis has not been established. Therefore, we put forward some recommendations that might be investigated in the future if we want to adopt lncRNAs in clinical practice.
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spelling pubmed-48420292016-05-03 Long Noncoding RNAs as Novel Biomarkers Have a Promising Future in Cancer Diagnostics Shi, Ting Gao, Ge Cao, Yingli Dis Markers Review Article Cancers have a high mortality rate due to lack of suitable specific early diagnosis tumor biomarkers. Emerging evidence is accumulating that lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis, tumor cells proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, extracellular lncRNAs can circulate in body fluids; they can be detected and strongly resist RNases. Many researchers have found that lncRNAs could be good candidates for tumor biomarkers and possessed high specificity, high sensitivity, and noninvasive characteristics. In this review, we summarize the detection methods and possible sources of circulating lncRNAs and outline the biological functions and expression level of the most significant lncRNAs in tissues, cell lines, and body fluids (whole blood, plasma, urine, gastric juice, and saliva) of different kinds of tumors. We evaluate the diagnostic performance of lncRNAs as tumor biomarkers. However, the biological functions and the mechanisms of circulating lncRNAs secretion have not been fully understood. The uniform normalization protocol of sample collection, lncRNAs extraction, endogenous control selection, quality assessment, and quantitative data analysis has not been established. Therefore, we put forward some recommendations that might be investigated in the future if we want to adopt lncRNAs in clinical practice. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 2016-04-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4842029/ /pubmed/27143813 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9085195 Text en Copyright © 2016 Ting Shi et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Shi, Ting
Gao, Ge
Cao, Yingli
Long Noncoding RNAs as Novel Biomarkers Have a Promising Future in Cancer Diagnostics
title Long Noncoding RNAs as Novel Biomarkers Have a Promising Future in Cancer Diagnostics
title_full Long Noncoding RNAs as Novel Biomarkers Have a Promising Future in Cancer Diagnostics
title_fullStr Long Noncoding RNAs as Novel Biomarkers Have a Promising Future in Cancer Diagnostics
title_full_unstemmed Long Noncoding RNAs as Novel Biomarkers Have a Promising Future in Cancer Diagnostics
title_short Long Noncoding RNAs as Novel Biomarkers Have a Promising Future in Cancer Diagnostics
title_sort long noncoding rnas as novel biomarkers have a promising future in cancer diagnostics
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4842029/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27143813
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9085195
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