Cargando…
Determinants of the Bovine Leukemia Virus Envelope Glycoproteins Involved in Infectivity, Replication and Pathogenesis
Interaction of viral envelope proteins with host cell membranes has been extensively investigated in a number of systems. However, the biological relevance of these interactions in vivo has been hampered by the absence of adequate animal models. Reverse genetics using the bovine leukemia virus (BLV)...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2016
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4848583/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27023592 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v8040088 |
_version_ | 1782429373317513216 |
---|---|
author | de Brogniez, Alix Mast, Jan Willems, Luc |
author_facet | de Brogniez, Alix Mast, Jan Willems, Luc |
author_sort | de Brogniez, Alix |
collection | PubMed |
description | Interaction of viral envelope proteins with host cell membranes has been extensively investigated in a number of systems. However, the biological relevance of these interactions in vivo has been hampered by the absence of adequate animal models. Reverse genetics using the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) genome highlighted important functional domains of the envelope protein involved in the viral life cycle. For example, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM) of the envelope transmembrane protein (TM) are essential determinants of infection. Although cell fusion directed by the aminoterminal end of TM is postulated to be essential, some proviruses expressing fusion-deficient envelope proteins unexpectedly replicate at wild-type levels. Surprisingly also, a conserved N-linked glycosylation site of the extracellular envelope protein (SU) inhibits cell-to-cell transmission suggesting that infectious potential has been limited during evolution. In this review, we summarize the knowledge pertaining to the BLV envelope protein in the context of viral infection, replication and pathogenesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4848583 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48485832016-05-04 Determinants of the Bovine Leukemia Virus Envelope Glycoproteins Involved in Infectivity, Replication and Pathogenesis de Brogniez, Alix Mast, Jan Willems, Luc Viruses Review Interaction of viral envelope proteins with host cell membranes has been extensively investigated in a number of systems. However, the biological relevance of these interactions in vivo has been hampered by the absence of adequate animal models. Reverse genetics using the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) genome highlighted important functional domains of the envelope protein involved in the viral life cycle. For example, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM) of the envelope transmembrane protein (TM) are essential determinants of infection. Although cell fusion directed by the aminoterminal end of TM is postulated to be essential, some proviruses expressing fusion-deficient envelope proteins unexpectedly replicate at wild-type levels. Surprisingly also, a conserved N-linked glycosylation site of the extracellular envelope protein (SU) inhibits cell-to-cell transmission suggesting that infectious potential has been limited during evolution. In this review, we summarize the knowledge pertaining to the BLV envelope protein in the context of viral infection, replication and pathogenesis. MDPI 2016-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4848583/ /pubmed/27023592 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v8040088 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review de Brogniez, Alix Mast, Jan Willems, Luc Determinants of the Bovine Leukemia Virus Envelope Glycoproteins Involved in Infectivity, Replication and Pathogenesis |
title | Determinants of the Bovine Leukemia Virus Envelope Glycoproteins Involved in Infectivity, Replication and Pathogenesis |
title_full | Determinants of the Bovine Leukemia Virus Envelope Glycoproteins Involved in Infectivity, Replication and Pathogenesis |
title_fullStr | Determinants of the Bovine Leukemia Virus Envelope Glycoproteins Involved in Infectivity, Replication and Pathogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed | Determinants of the Bovine Leukemia Virus Envelope Glycoproteins Involved in Infectivity, Replication and Pathogenesis |
title_short | Determinants of the Bovine Leukemia Virus Envelope Glycoproteins Involved in Infectivity, Replication and Pathogenesis |
title_sort | determinants of the bovine leukemia virus envelope glycoproteins involved in infectivity, replication and pathogenesis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4848583/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27023592 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v8040088 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT debrogniezalix determinantsofthebovineleukemiavirusenvelopeglycoproteinsinvolvedininfectivityreplicationandpathogenesis AT mastjan determinantsofthebovineleukemiavirusenvelopeglycoproteinsinvolvedininfectivityreplicationandpathogenesis AT willemsluc determinantsofthebovineleukemiavirusenvelopeglycoproteinsinvolvedininfectivityreplicationandpathogenesis |