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Anti-inflammatory effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of velvet antler in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro and zebrafish model

Enzymatic hydrolysis has been successfully used for the extraction of numerous biologically active components from a wide variety of natural sources. In the present study, velvet antler was subjected to the extraction process using Alcalase protease. We analyzed bioactive components, such as uronic...

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Autores principales: Lee, Seung-Hong, Yang, Hye-Won, Ding, Yuling, Wang, Yanmei, Jeon, You-Jin, Moon, Sang-Ho, Jeon, Byong-Tae, Sung, Si-Heung
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4849106/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27152107
http://dx.doi.org/10.17179/excli2015-481
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author Lee, Seung-Hong
Yang, Hye-Won
Ding, Yuling
Wang, Yanmei
Jeon, You-Jin
Moon, Sang-Ho
Jeon, Byong-Tae
Sung, Si-Heung
author_facet Lee, Seung-Hong
Yang, Hye-Won
Ding, Yuling
Wang, Yanmei
Jeon, You-Jin
Moon, Sang-Ho
Jeon, Byong-Tae
Sung, Si-Heung
author_sort Lee, Seung-Hong
collection PubMed
description Enzymatic hydrolysis has been successfully used for the extraction of numerous biologically active components from a wide variety of natural sources. In the present study, velvet antler was subjected to the extraction process using Alcalase protease. We analyzed bioactive components, such as uronic acid, sulfated-glycosaminoglycans (sulfated-GAGs), and sialic acid, present in the velvet antler Alcalase hydrolysate (VAAH) and assessed their anti-inflammatory effects in zebrafish as well as in vitro using cell lines. VAAH mainly contained uronic acid (78.22 mg/g) and sulfated-GAGs (50.47 mg/g), while the amount of sialic acid was negligible (5.55 mg/g). VAAH inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cells in a dose-dependent manner and the inhibitory effect of VAAH on NO production was higher than that of hot water extracts. VAAH treatment also reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Furthermore, we evaluated anti-inflammatory effects of VAAH using LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Treatment with LPS significantly increased cell death, NO, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in zebrafish. Notably, VAAH significantly inhibited the extent of LPS-stimulated cell death and generation of NO and ROS in zebrafish. These results suggest that VAAH alleviated inflammation and cell death by inhibiting the generation of ROS induced by LPS treatment. Thus, VAAH could be used as a potential natural remedy with a strong anti-inflammatory effect. Taken together, we believe that based on our present results, enzymatic hydrolysis of velvet antler may be an effective process to make antler products acceptable as elements of health foods and nutraceutical components with increased biological activity.
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spelling pubmed-48491062016-05-05 Anti-inflammatory effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of velvet antler in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro and zebrafish model Lee, Seung-Hong Yang, Hye-Won Ding, Yuling Wang, Yanmei Jeon, You-Jin Moon, Sang-Ho Jeon, Byong-Tae Sung, Si-Heung EXCLI J Original Article Enzymatic hydrolysis has been successfully used for the extraction of numerous biologically active components from a wide variety of natural sources. In the present study, velvet antler was subjected to the extraction process using Alcalase protease. We analyzed bioactive components, such as uronic acid, sulfated-glycosaminoglycans (sulfated-GAGs), and sialic acid, present in the velvet antler Alcalase hydrolysate (VAAH) and assessed their anti-inflammatory effects in zebrafish as well as in vitro using cell lines. VAAH mainly contained uronic acid (78.22 mg/g) and sulfated-GAGs (50.47 mg/g), while the amount of sialic acid was negligible (5.55 mg/g). VAAH inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cells in a dose-dependent manner and the inhibitory effect of VAAH on NO production was higher than that of hot water extracts. VAAH treatment also reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Furthermore, we evaluated anti-inflammatory effects of VAAH using LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Treatment with LPS significantly increased cell death, NO, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in zebrafish. Notably, VAAH significantly inhibited the extent of LPS-stimulated cell death and generation of NO and ROS in zebrafish. These results suggest that VAAH alleviated inflammation and cell death by inhibiting the generation of ROS induced by LPS treatment. Thus, VAAH could be used as a potential natural remedy with a strong anti-inflammatory effect. Taken together, we believe that based on our present results, enzymatic hydrolysis of velvet antler may be an effective process to make antler products acceptable as elements of health foods and nutraceutical components with increased biological activity. Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors 2015-10-20 /pmc/articles/PMC4849106/ /pubmed/27152107 http://dx.doi.org/10.17179/excli2015-481 Text en Copyright © 2015 Lee et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Lee, Seung-Hong
Yang, Hye-Won
Ding, Yuling
Wang, Yanmei
Jeon, You-Jin
Moon, Sang-Ho
Jeon, Byong-Tae
Sung, Si-Heung
Anti-inflammatory effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of velvet antler in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro and zebrafish model
title Anti-inflammatory effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of velvet antler in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro and zebrafish model
title_full Anti-inflammatory effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of velvet antler in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro and zebrafish model
title_fullStr Anti-inflammatory effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of velvet antler in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro and zebrafish model
title_full_unstemmed Anti-inflammatory effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of velvet antler in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro and zebrafish model
title_short Anti-inflammatory effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of velvet antler in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro and zebrafish model
title_sort anti-inflammatory effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of velvet antler in raw 264.7 cells in vitro and zebrafish model
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4849106/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27152107
http://dx.doi.org/10.17179/excli2015-481
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