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Murine Cytomegalovirus Exploits Olfaction To Enter New Hosts

Viruses transmit via the environmental and social interactions of their hosts. Herpesviruses have colonized mammals since their earliest origins, suggesting that they exploit ancient, common pathways. Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are assumed to enter new hosts orally, but no site has been identified. We...

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Autores principales: Farrell, Helen E., Lawler, Clara, Tan, Cindy S. E., MacDonald, Kate, Bruce, Kimberley, Mach, Michael, Davis-Poynter, Nick, Stevenson, Philip G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4850257/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27118588
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00251-16
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author Farrell, Helen E.
Lawler, Clara
Tan, Cindy S. E.
MacDonald, Kate
Bruce, Kimberley
Mach, Michael
Davis-Poynter, Nick
Stevenson, Philip G.
author_facet Farrell, Helen E.
Lawler, Clara
Tan, Cindy S. E.
MacDonald, Kate
Bruce, Kimberley
Mach, Michael
Davis-Poynter, Nick
Stevenson, Philip G.
author_sort Farrell, Helen E.
collection PubMed
description Viruses transmit via the environmental and social interactions of their hosts. Herpesviruses have colonized mammals since their earliest origins, suggesting that they exploit ancient, common pathways. Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are assumed to enter new hosts orally, but no site has been identified. We show by live imaging that murine CMV (MCMV) infects nasally rather than orally, both after experimental virus uptake and during natural transmission. Replication-deficient virions revealed the primary target as olfactory neurons. Local, nasal replication by wild-type MCMV was not extensive, but there was rapid systemic spread, associated with macrophage infection. A long-term, transmissible infection was then maintained in the salivary glands. The viral m131/m129 chemokine homolog, which influences tropism, promoted salivary gland colonization after nasal entry but was not required for entry per se. The capacity of MCMV to transmit via olfaction, together with previous demonstrations of experimental olfactory infection by murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), suggest that this is a common, conserved route of mammalian herpesvirus entry.
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spelling pubmed-48502572016-05-06 Murine Cytomegalovirus Exploits Olfaction To Enter New Hosts Farrell, Helen E. Lawler, Clara Tan, Cindy S. E. MacDonald, Kate Bruce, Kimberley Mach, Michael Davis-Poynter, Nick Stevenson, Philip G. mBio Research Article Viruses transmit via the environmental and social interactions of their hosts. Herpesviruses have colonized mammals since their earliest origins, suggesting that they exploit ancient, common pathways. Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are assumed to enter new hosts orally, but no site has been identified. We show by live imaging that murine CMV (MCMV) infects nasally rather than orally, both after experimental virus uptake and during natural transmission. Replication-deficient virions revealed the primary target as olfactory neurons. Local, nasal replication by wild-type MCMV was not extensive, but there was rapid systemic spread, associated with macrophage infection. A long-term, transmissible infection was then maintained in the salivary glands. The viral m131/m129 chemokine homolog, which influences tropism, promoted salivary gland colonization after nasal entry but was not required for entry per se. The capacity of MCMV to transmit via olfaction, together with previous demonstrations of experimental olfactory infection by murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), suggest that this is a common, conserved route of mammalian herpesvirus entry. American Society for Microbiology 2016-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4850257/ /pubmed/27118588 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00251-16 Text en Copyright © 2016 Farrell et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Research Article
Farrell, Helen E.
Lawler, Clara
Tan, Cindy S. E.
MacDonald, Kate
Bruce, Kimberley
Mach, Michael
Davis-Poynter, Nick
Stevenson, Philip G.
Murine Cytomegalovirus Exploits Olfaction To Enter New Hosts
title Murine Cytomegalovirus Exploits Olfaction To Enter New Hosts
title_full Murine Cytomegalovirus Exploits Olfaction To Enter New Hosts
title_fullStr Murine Cytomegalovirus Exploits Olfaction To Enter New Hosts
title_full_unstemmed Murine Cytomegalovirus Exploits Olfaction To Enter New Hosts
title_short Murine Cytomegalovirus Exploits Olfaction To Enter New Hosts
title_sort murine cytomegalovirus exploits olfaction to enter new hosts
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4850257/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27118588
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00251-16
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