Formation and Temperature Effect of InN Nanodots by PA-MBE via Droplet Epitaxy Technique

In this report, self-organized indium nitride nanodots have been grown on Si (111) by droplet epitaxy method and their density can reach as high as 2.83 × 10(11) cm(−2) for the growth at low temperature of 250 °C. Based on the in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction, the surface condition, indium droplets, and the formation of InN nanodots are identified during the epitaxy. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements have shown the formation of InN nanodots as well. The growth mechanism of InN nanodots could be described via the characterizations of indium droplets and InN nanodots using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The density of the InN nanodots was less than that of the In droplets due to the surface diffusion and desorption of atoms during the nitridation and annealing process. The average size and density of InN nanodots can be controlled by the substrate temperatures during the growth. For the growth at lower temperature, we obtained the higher density and smaller average size of InN nanodots. To minimize the total surface energy, the coarsening and some preferred orientations of InN nanodots were observed for the growth at high temperature.