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Effects of thermal water inhalation in chronic upper respiratory tract infections in elderly and young patients
BACKGROUND: Chronic upper respiratory tract infections (cURTI) are very frequent illnesses which occur at any age of life. In elderly, cURTI are complicated by immunosenescence, with involvement of lung immune responsiveness. RESULTS: In the present study, 51 elderly (age range: 66–86) and 51 young...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4857412/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27152115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12979-016-0073-0 |
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author | Magrone, Thea Galantino, Mauro Di Bitonto, Nunzio Borraccino, Luisella Chiaromonte, Gerardo Jirillo, Emilio |
author_facet | Magrone, Thea Galantino, Mauro Di Bitonto, Nunzio Borraccino, Luisella Chiaromonte, Gerardo Jirillo, Emilio |
author_sort | Magrone, Thea |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Chronic upper respiratory tract infections (cURTI) are very frequent illnesses which occur at any age of life. In elderly, cURTI are complicated by immunosenescence, with involvement of lung immune responsiveness. RESULTS: In the present study, 51 elderly (age range: 66–86) and 51 young (age range 24–58) cURTI patients underwent a single cycle (two weeks) of inhalatory therapy with salt-bromide-iodine thermal water in the thermal station “Margherita di Savoia” (Margherita di Savoia, BAT, Italy). Peripheral blood serum cytokines and clinical assessment were performed before therapy (T0) and after six months (T1) and 12 months (T2) from inhalatory treatment. In both elderly and young patients, at baseline an increased release of T helper (h)1-related cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-γ] and of Th2-related cytokine (IL-4) was documented. Inhalatory treatment reduced the excessive secretion of all the above-cited cytokines. IL-10 values were above normality at all times considered in both groups of patients. In addition, an increase in IL-17 and IL-21 serum levels following therapy was observed in both groups of patients. Pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α) baseline values were lower than normal values at T0 in both elderly and young cURTI patients. Their levels increased following inhalatory treatment. Clinically, at T2 a dramatic reduction of frequency of upper respiratory tract infections was recorded in both groups of patients. CONCLUSION: Thermal water inhalation is able to modulate systemic immune response in elderly and young cURTI patients, thus reducing excessive production of Th1 and Th2-related cytokines, on the one hand. On the other hand, increased levels of IL-21 (an inducer of Th17 cells) and of IL-17 may be interpreted as a protective mechanism, which likely leads to neutrophil recruitment in cURTI patients. Also restoration of pro-inflammatory cytokine release following inhalatory therapy may result in microbe eradication. Quite importantly, the maintenance of high levels of IL-10 during the follow-up would suggest a consistent regulatory role of this cytokine in attenuating the pro-inflammatory arm of the immune response. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4857412 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48574122016-05-06 Effects of thermal water inhalation in chronic upper respiratory tract infections in elderly and young patients Magrone, Thea Galantino, Mauro Di Bitonto, Nunzio Borraccino, Luisella Chiaromonte, Gerardo Jirillo, Emilio Immun Ageing Research BACKGROUND: Chronic upper respiratory tract infections (cURTI) are very frequent illnesses which occur at any age of life. In elderly, cURTI are complicated by immunosenescence, with involvement of lung immune responsiveness. RESULTS: In the present study, 51 elderly (age range: 66–86) and 51 young (age range 24–58) cURTI patients underwent a single cycle (two weeks) of inhalatory therapy with salt-bromide-iodine thermal water in the thermal station “Margherita di Savoia” (Margherita di Savoia, BAT, Italy). Peripheral blood serum cytokines and clinical assessment were performed before therapy (T0) and after six months (T1) and 12 months (T2) from inhalatory treatment. In both elderly and young patients, at baseline an increased release of T helper (h)1-related cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-γ] and of Th2-related cytokine (IL-4) was documented. Inhalatory treatment reduced the excessive secretion of all the above-cited cytokines. IL-10 values were above normality at all times considered in both groups of patients. In addition, an increase in IL-17 and IL-21 serum levels following therapy was observed in both groups of patients. Pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α) baseline values were lower than normal values at T0 in both elderly and young cURTI patients. Their levels increased following inhalatory treatment. Clinically, at T2 a dramatic reduction of frequency of upper respiratory tract infections was recorded in both groups of patients. CONCLUSION: Thermal water inhalation is able to modulate systemic immune response in elderly and young cURTI patients, thus reducing excessive production of Th1 and Th2-related cytokines, on the one hand. On the other hand, increased levels of IL-21 (an inducer of Th17 cells) and of IL-17 may be interpreted as a protective mechanism, which likely leads to neutrophil recruitment in cURTI patients. Also restoration of pro-inflammatory cytokine release following inhalatory therapy may result in microbe eradication. Quite importantly, the maintenance of high levels of IL-10 during the follow-up would suggest a consistent regulatory role of this cytokine in attenuating the pro-inflammatory arm of the immune response. BioMed Central 2016-05-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4857412/ /pubmed/27152115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12979-016-0073-0 Text en © Magrone et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Magrone, Thea Galantino, Mauro Di Bitonto, Nunzio Borraccino, Luisella Chiaromonte, Gerardo Jirillo, Emilio Effects of thermal water inhalation in chronic upper respiratory tract infections in elderly and young patients |
title | Effects of thermal water inhalation in chronic upper respiratory tract infections in elderly and young patients |
title_full | Effects of thermal water inhalation in chronic upper respiratory tract infections in elderly and young patients |
title_fullStr | Effects of thermal water inhalation in chronic upper respiratory tract infections in elderly and young patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of thermal water inhalation in chronic upper respiratory tract infections in elderly and young patients |
title_short | Effects of thermal water inhalation in chronic upper respiratory tract infections in elderly and young patients |
title_sort | effects of thermal water inhalation in chronic upper respiratory tract infections in elderly and young patients |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4857412/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27152115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12979-016-0073-0 |
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