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Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Adult Horses

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to determine whether sick horses have thyroid hormone (TH) alterations similar to those observed in nonthyroidal illness syndrome in other species. HYPOTHESIS: Horses suffering from systemic diseases have decreased THs and inappropriately low thyroid‐stimulating...

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Autores principales: Hilderbran, A.C., Breuhaus, B.A., Refsal, K.R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4857970/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24417524
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12274
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author Hilderbran, A.C.
Breuhaus, B.A.
Refsal, K.R.
author_facet Hilderbran, A.C.
Breuhaus, B.A.
Refsal, K.R.
author_sort Hilderbran, A.C.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: This study was performed to determine whether sick horses have thyroid hormone (TH) alterations similar to those observed in nonthyroidal illness syndrome in other species. HYPOTHESIS: Horses suffering from systemic diseases have decreased THs and inappropriately low thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH). ANIMALS: Seventy‐one clinically normal horses; 380 hospitalized horses. METHODS: Total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine by equilibrium dialysis (fT4D), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and TSH were measured in normal and hospitalized horses. Disease severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe by both subjective and objective criteria. RESULTS: Negative correlations existed between all THs, except TSH, and objective illness severity scores. These scores also increased with each subjective disease severity category. TT3 and fT3 were decreased with mild disease. TT3 progressively decreased more with moderate and severe disease. TT4 and fT4D remained normal with mild disease, but decreased progressively with disease severity. TSH increased with mild disease, but remained normal with moderate or severe disease. Horses that died or were euthanized had lower concentrations of all THs, except TSH, when compared with those that lived. In horses that received >3 doses of NSAIDs, corticosteroids, or heparin compared to 0–3 doses, TT3 and TT4 were decreased, whereas fT4D and TSH remained normal. There were minimal TH changes in horses that were not eating. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Thyroid hormones decrease in horses with systemic disease. TT3 decreases first, followed by TT4 and fT4D. TSH fails to increase proportionally to the changes in THs, indicating hypothalamic–pituitary axis dysregulation. NSAIDs, corticosteroids, heparin, and fasting have less effect on THs compared with disease severity.
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spelling pubmed-48579702016-06-22 Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Adult Horses Hilderbran, A.C. Breuhaus, B.A. Refsal, K.R. J Vet Intern Med Standard Articles BACKGROUND: This study was performed to determine whether sick horses have thyroid hormone (TH) alterations similar to those observed in nonthyroidal illness syndrome in other species. HYPOTHESIS: Horses suffering from systemic diseases have decreased THs and inappropriately low thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH). ANIMALS: Seventy‐one clinically normal horses; 380 hospitalized horses. METHODS: Total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine by equilibrium dialysis (fT4D), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and TSH were measured in normal and hospitalized horses. Disease severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe by both subjective and objective criteria. RESULTS: Negative correlations existed between all THs, except TSH, and objective illness severity scores. These scores also increased with each subjective disease severity category. TT3 and fT3 were decreased with mild disease. TT3 progressively decreased more with moderate and severe disease. TT4 and fT4D remained normal with mild disease, but decreased progressively with disease severity. TSH increased with mild disease, but remained normal with moderate or severe disease. Horses that died or were euthanized had lower concentrations of all THs, except TSH, when compared with those that lived. In horses that received >3 doses of NSAIDs, corticosteroids, or heparin compared to 0–3 doses, TT3 and TT4 were decreased, whereas fT4D and TSH remained normal. There were minimal TH changes in horses that were not eating. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Thyroid hormones decrease in horses with systemic disease. TT3 decreases first, followed by TT4 and fT4D. TSH fails to increase proportionally to the changes in THs, indicating hypothalamic–pituitary axis dysregulation. NSAIDs, corticosteroids, heparin, and fasting have less effect on THs compared with disease severity. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2014-01-13 2014 /pmc/articles/PMC4857970/ /pubmed/24417524 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12274 Text en Copyright © 2014 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine
spellingShingle Standard Articles
Hilderbran, A.C.
Breuhaus, B.A.
Refsal, K.R.
Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Adult Horses
title Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Adult Horses
title_full Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Adult Horses
title_fullStr Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Adult Horses
title_full_unstemmed Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Adult Horses
title_short Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Adult Horses
title_sort nonthyroidal illness syndrome in adult horses
topic Standard Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4857970/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24417524
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12274
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