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Prevalence of Escherichia coli Virulence Genes in Patients with Diarrhea and a Subpopulation of Healthy Volunteers in Madrid, Spain

Etiological diagnosis of diarrheal diseases may be complicated by their multi-factorial nature. In addition, Escherichia coli strains present in the gut can occasionally harbor virulence genes (VGs) without causing disease, which complicates the assessment of their clinical significance in particula...

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Autores principales: Cabal, Adriana, García-Castillo, María, Cantón, Rafael, Gortázar, Christian, Domínguez, Lucas, Álvarez, Julio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4859089/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27199966
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00641
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author Cabal, Adriana
García-Castillo, María
Cantón, Rafael
Gortázar, Christian
Domínguez, Lucas
Álvarez, Julio
author_facet Cabal, Adriana
García-Castillo, María
Cantón, Rafael
Gortázar, Christian
Domínguez, Lucas
Álvarez, Julio
author_sort Cabal, Adriana
collection PubMed
description Etiological diagnosis of diarrheal diseases may be complicated by their multi-factorial nature. In addition, Escherichia coli strains present in the gut can occasionally harbor virulence genes (VGs) without causing disease, which complicates the assessment of their clinical significance in particular. The aim of this study was to detect and quantify nine VGs (stx1, stx2, eae, aggR, ehxA, invA, est, elt and bfpA) typically present in five E. coli enteric pathotypes [enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)] in fecal samples collected from 49 patients with acute diarrhea and 32 healthy controls from Madrid, Spain. In addition, the presence of four serotype-related genes (wzx(O104) and fliC(H4), rfb(O157), and fliC(H7)) was also determined. Presence of target genes was assessed using a quantitative real-time PCR assay previously developed, and the association of presence and burden of VGs with clinical disease and/or other risk factors was explored. Prevalence of ehxA [typically associated with Shigatoxin producing E. coli (STEC) and (EPEC), invA (EIEC), and the rfb(O157)+fliC(H7) (STEC)] combination were significantly (p < 0.02) higher in the diarrheic group, while the wzx(O104)+fliC(H4) combination was significantly (p = 0.014) more prevalent in the control group. On the other hand, eae was detected in more than 90% of the individuals in both patient and control populations, and it was not associated with bfpA, suggesting the absence of typical EPEC. No significant differences in the quantitative values were detected for any VG among study groups, but the difference in the load of aggR (EAEC) and invA in the patients with respect to the controls was close to the significance, suggesting a potential role of these VGs in the clinical signs observed when they are present at high levels.
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spelling pubmed-48590892016-05-19 Prevalence of Escherichia coli Virulence Genes in Patients with Diarrhea and a Subpopulation of Healthy Volunteers in Madrid, Spain Cabal, Adriana García-Castillo, María Cantón, Rafael Gortázar, Christian Domínguez, Lucas Álvarez, Julio Front Microbiol Microbiology Etiological diagnosis of diarrheal diseases may be complicated by their multi-factorial nature. In addition, Escherichia coli strains present in the gut can occasionally harbor virulence genes (VGs) without causing disease, which complicates the assessment of their clinical significance in particular. The aim of this study was to detect and quantify nine VGs (stx1, stx2, eae, aggR, ehxA, invA, est, elt and bfpA) typically present in five E. coli enteric pathotypes [enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)] in fecal samples collected from 49 patients with acute diarrhea and 32 healthy controls from Madrid, Spain. In addition, the presence of four serotype-related genes (wzx(O104) and fliC(H4), rfb(O157), and fliC(H7)) was also determined. Presence of target genes was assessed using a quantitative real-time PCR assay previously developed, and the association of presence and burden of VGs with clinical disease and/or other risk factors was explored. Prevalence of ehxA [typically associated with Shigatoxin producing E. coli (STEC) and (EPEC), invA (EIEC), and the rfb(O157)+fliC(H7) (STEC)] combination were significantly (p < 0.02) higher in the diarrheic group, while the wzx(O104)+fliC(H4) combination was significantly (p = 0.014) more prevalent in the control group. On the other hand, eae was detected in more than 90% of the individuals in both patient and control populations, and it was not associated with bfpA, suggesting the absence of typical EPEC. No significant differences in the quantitative values were detected for any VG among study groups, but the difference in the load of aggR (EAEC) and invA in the patients with respect to the controls was close to the significance, suggesting a potential role of these VGs in the clinical signs observed when they are present at high levels. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-05-02 /pmc/articles/PMC4859089/ /pubmed/27199966 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00641 Text en Copyright © 2016 Cabal, García-Castillo, Cantón, Gortázar, Domínguez and Álvarez. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Cabal, Adriana
García-Castillo, María
Cantón, Rafael
Gortázar, Christian
Domínguez, Lucas
Álvarez, Julio
Prevalence of Escherichia coli Virulence Genes in Patients with Diarrhea and a Subpopulation of Healthy Volunteers in Madrid, Spain
title Prevalence of Escherichia coli Virulence Genes in Patients with Diarrhea and a Subpopulation of Healthy Volunteers in Madrid, Spain
title_full Prevalence of Escherichia coli Virulence Genes in Patients with Diarrhea and a Subpopulation of Healthy Volunteers in Madrid, Spain
title_fullStr Prevalence of Escherichia coli Virulence Genes in Patients with Diarrhea and a Subpopulation of Healthy Volunteers in Madrid, Spain
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of Escherichia coli Virulence Genes in Patients with Diarrhea and a Subpopulation of Healthy Volunteers in Madrid, Spain
title_short Prevalence of Escherichia coli Virulence Genes in Patients with Diarrhea and a Subpopulation of Healthy Volunteers in Madrid, Spain
title_sort prevalence of escherichia coli virulence genes in patients with diarrhea and a subpopulation of healthy volunteers in madrid, spain
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4859089/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27199966
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00641
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