Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascul...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sala‐Vila, Aleix, Guasch‐Ferré, Marta, Hu, Frank B., Sánchez‐Tainta, Ana, Bulló, Mònica, Serra‐Mir, Mercè, López‐Sabater, Carmen, Sorlí, Jose V., Arós, Fernando, Fiol, Miquel, Muñoz, Miguel A., Serra‐Majem, Luis, Martínez, J. Alfredo, Corella, Dolores, Fitó, Montserrat, Salas‐Salvadó, Jordi, Martínez‐González, Miguel A., Estruch, Ramón, Ros, Emilio, Pérez‐Heras, A., Viñas, C., Casas, R., de Santamaría, L., Romero, S., Sacanella, E., Chiva, G., Valderas, P., Arranz, S., Baena, J.M., García, M., Oller, M., Amat, J., Duaso, I., García, Y., Iglesias, C., Simón, C., Quinzavos, Ll., Parra, Ll., Liroz, M., Benavent, J., Clos, J., Pla, I., Amorós, M., Bonet, M.T., Martin, M.T., Sánchez, M.S., Altirriba, J., Manzano, E., Altés, A., Cofán, M., Valls‐Pedret, C., Doménech, M., Gilabert, R., Bargalló, N., González, R., Molina, C., Márquez, F., Babio, N., Sorli, M., García Roselló, J., Diaz‐López A, A., Martin, F., Tort, R., Isach, A., Costa, B., Cabré, J.J., Fernández‐Ballart, J., Ibarrola‐Jurado, N., Alegret, C., Martínez, P., Millán, S., Piñol, J.L., Basora, T., Hernández, J.M., Toledo, E., Buil‐Cosiales, P., Ruiz‐Canela, M., Sanjulián, B., Díez‐Espino, J., Extremera‐Urabayen, V., García‐Arellano, A., Zazpe, I., Basterra‐Gortari, F.J., Goñi, E, Razquin, C., Serrano‐Martínez, M., Bes‐Rastrollo, M., Gea, A., Martínez‐Lapiscina, E.H., Nuñez‐Córdoba, J.M., Arroyo‐Azpa, C., García‐Pérez, L., Villanueva‐Tellería, J., Cortés‐Ugalde, F., Sagredo‐Arce, T., García de la Noceda‐Montoy, Mª D., Vigata‐López, Mª D., Arceiz‐Campo, Mª T., Urtasun‐Samper, A., Gueto‐Rubio, Mª V., Churio‐Beraza, B., Lamuela‐Raventós, Rosa M., Castellote‐Bargallo, A.I., Medina‐Remón, A., Tresserra‐Rimbau, A., Carrasco, P., Ortega‐ Azorín, C., Asensio, E.M., Osma, R., Barragán, R., Francés, F., Guillén, M., González, J.I., Saiz, C., Portolés, O., Giménez, F.J., Coltell, O., Guillem‐Saiz, P., Quiles, L., Pascual, V., Riera, C., Pages, M.A., Godoy, D., Carratalá‐Calvo, A., Martín‐Rillo, M.J., Llopis‐Osorio, E., Ruiz‐ Baixauli, J., Bertolín‐Muñoz, A., Salaverría, I., del Hierro, T., Algorta, J., Francisco, S., Alonso, A., San Vicente, J., Sanz, E., Felipe, I., Alonso Gómez, A., Loma‐Osorio, A., García‐Valdueza, M., Moñino, M., Proenza, A., Prieto, R., Frontera, G., Ginard, M., Fiol, F., Jover, A., García, J., Covas, M.I., Tello, S., Vila, J., Schröder, H., De la Torre, R, Muñoz‐Aguayo, D., Elosúa, R., Marrugat, J., Ferrer, M., Álvarez‐Pérez, J., DíazBenítez, E., Bautista‐Castaño, I., Maldonado‐Díaz, I., Sánchez‐Villegas, A., Castro, I., Henríquez, P., Ruano, C., Ortiz, A. P., Sarmiendo de la Fe, F, Simón‐García, C., Falcón‐Sanabria, I., Macías‐Gutiérrez, B., Santana‐Santana, A.J., Gomez‐Gracia, E., Fernández‐Crehuet, J., Benítez Pont, R., Bianchi Alba, M., Wärnberg, J., Gómez‐Huelgas, R., Martínez‐González, J., Velasco García, V., de Diego Salas, J, Baca Osorio, A., Gil Zarzosa, J., Sánchez Luque, J.J., Vargas López, E., Ruiz‐Gutierrez, V., Jurado Ruiz, E., Montero Romero, E., García García, M., Lapetra, J., Leal, M., Martínez, E., Santos, J.M., Ortega‐Calvo, M., Román, P., José García, F., Iglesias, P., Corchado, Y., Mayoral, E., Lama, C., Pintó, X., de la Cruz, E, Galera, A., Soler, Y., Trias, F., Sarasa, I., Padres, E., Figueras, R., Solanich, X., Pujol, R., Corbella, E., Cabezas, C., Vinyoles, E., Rovira, M.A., García, L., Flores, G., Verdú, J.M., Baby, P., Ramos, A., Mengual, L., Roura, P., Yuste, M.C., Guarner, A., Rovira, A., Santamaría, M.I., Mata, M., de Juan, C., Brau, A., Marti, A., Mitjavila, M.T., Portillo, M.P., Sáez, G., Tur, J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016
Materias:
Original Research
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4859371/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26813890
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.002543
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author Sala‐Vila, Aleix
Guasch‐Ferré, Marta
Hu, Frank B.
Sánchez‐Tainta, Ana
Bulló, Mònica
Serra‐Mir, Mercè
López‐Sabater, Carmen
Sorlí, Jose V.
Arós, Fernando
Fiol, Miquel
Muñoz, Miguel A.
Serra‐Majem, Luis
Martínez, J. Alfredo
Corella, Dolores
Fitó, Montserrat
Salas‐Salvadó, Jordi
Martínez‐González, Miguel A.
Estruch, Ramón
Ros, Emilio
Pérez‐Heras, A.
Viñas, C.
Casas, R.
de Santamaría, L.
Romero, S.
Sacanella, E.
Chiva, G.
Valderas, P.
Arranz, S.
Baena, J.M.
García, M.
Oller, M.
Amat, J.
Duaso, I.
García, Y.
Iglesias, C.
Simón, C.
Quinzavos, Ll.
Parra, Ll.
Liroz, M.
Benavent, J.
Clos, J.
Pla, I.
Amorós, M.
Bonet, M.T.
Martin, M.T.
Sánchez, M.S.
Altirriba, J.
Manzano, E.
Altés, A.
Cofán, M.
Valls‐Pedret, C.
Doménech, M.
Gilabert, R.
Bargalló, N.
González, R.
Molina, C.
Márquez, F.
Babio, N.
Sorli, M.
García Roselló, J.
Diaz‐López A, A.
Martin, F.
Tort, R.
Isach, A.
Costa, B.
Cabré, J.J.
Fernández‐Ballart, J.
Ibarrola‐Jurado, N.
Alegret, C.
Martínez, P.
Millán, S.
Piñol, J.L.
Basora, T.
Hernández, J.M.
Toledo, E.
Buil‐Cosiales, P.
Ruiz‐Canela, M.
Sanjulián, B.
Díez‐Espino, J.
Extremera‐Urabayen, V.
García‐Arellano, A.
Zazpe, I.
Basterra‐Gortari, F.J.
Goñi, E
Razquin, C.
Serrano‐Martínez, M.
Bes‐Rastrollo, M.
Gea, A.
Martínez‐Lapiscina, E.H.
Nuñez‐Córdoba, J.M.
Arroyo‐Azpa, C.
García‐Pérez, L.
Villanueva‐Tellería, J.
Cortés‐Ugalde, F.
Sagredo‐Arce, T.
García de la Noceda‐Montoy, Mª D.
Vigata‐López, Mª D.
Arceiz‐Campo, Mª T.
Urtasun‐Samper, A.
Gueto‐Rubio, Mª V.
Churio‐Beraza, B.
Lamuela‐Raventós, Rosa M.
Castellote‐Bargallo, A.I.
Medina‐Remón, A.
Tresserra‐Rimbau, A.
Carrasco, P.
Ortega‐ Azorín, C.
Asensio, E.M.
Osma, R.
Barragán, R.
Francés, F.
Guillén, M.
González, J.I.
Saiz, C.
Portolés, O.
Giménez, F.J.
Coltell, O.
Guillem‐Saiz, P.
Quiles, L.
Pascual, V.
Riera, C.
Pages, M.A.
Godoy, D.
Carratalá‐Calvo, A.
Martín‐Rillo, M.J.
Llopis‐Osorio, E.
Ruiz‐ Baixauli, J.
Bertolín‐Muñoz, A.
Salaverría, I.
del Hierro, T.
Algorta, J.
Francisco, S.
Alonso, A.
San Vicente, J.
Sanz, E.
Felipe, I.
Alonso Gómez, A.
Loma‐Osorio, A.
García‐Valdueza, M.
Moñino, M.
Proenza, A.
Prieto, R.
Frontera, G.
Ginard, M.
Fiol, F.
Jover, A.
García, J.
Covas, M.I.
Tello, S.
Vila, J.
Schröder, H.
De la Torre, R
Muñoz‐Aguayo, D.
Elosúa, R.
Marrugat, J.
Ferrer, M.
Álvarez‐Pérez, J.
DíazBenítez, E.
Bautista‐Castaño, I.
Maldonado‐Díaz, I.
Sánchez‐Villegas, A.
Castro, I.
Henríquez, P.
Ruano, C.
Ortiz, A. P.
Sarmiendo de la Fe, F
Simón‐García, C.
Falcón‐Sanabria, I.
Macías‐Gutiérrez, B.
Santana‐Santana, A.J.
Gomez‐Gracia, E.
Fernández‐Crehuet, J.
Benítez Pont, R.
Bianchi Alba, M.
Wärnberg, J.
Gómez‐Huelgas, R.
Martínez‐González, J.
Velasco García, V.
de Diego Salas, J
Baca Osorio, A.
Gil Zarzosa, J.
Sánchez Luque, J.J.
Vargas López, E.
Ruiz‐Gutierrez, V.
Jurado Ruiz, E.
Montero Romero, E.
García García, M.
Lapetra, J.
Leal, M.
Martínez, E.
Santos, J.M.
Ortega‐Calvo, M.
Román, P.
José García, F.
Iglesias, P.
Corchado, Y.
Mayoral, E.
Lama, C.
Pintó, X.
de la Cruz, E
Galera, A.
Soler, Y.
Trias, F.
Sarasa, I.
Padres, E.
Figueras, R.
Solanich, X.
Pujol, R.
Corbella, E.
Cabezas, C.
Vinyoles, E.
Rovira, M.A.
García, L.
Flores, G.
Verdú, J.M.
Baby, P.
Ramos, A.
Mengual, L.
Roura, P.
Yuste, M.C.
Guarner, A.
Rovira, A.
Santamaría, M.I.
Mata, M.
de Juan, C.
Brau, A.
Marti, A.
Mitjavila, M.T.
Portillo, M.P.
Sáez, G.
Tur, J.
author_facet Sala‐Vila, Aleix
Guasch‐Ferré, Marta
Hu, Frank B.
Sánchez‐Tainta, Ana
Bulló, Mònica
Serra‐Mir, Mercè
López‐Sabater, Carmen
Sorlí, Jose V.
Arós, Fernando
Fiol, Miquel
Muñoz, Miguel A.
Serra‐Majem, Luis
Martínez, J. Alfredo
Corella, Dolores
Fitó, Montserrat
Salas‐Salvadó, Jordi
Martínez‐González, Miguel A.
Estruch, Ramón
Ros, Emilio
Pérez‐Heras, A.
Viñas, C.
Casas, R.
de Santamaría, L.
Romero, S.
Sacanella, E.
Chiva, G.
Valderas, P.
Arranz, S.
Baena, J.M.
García, M.
Oller, M.
Amat, J.
Duaso, I.
García, Y.
Iglesias, C.
Simón, C.
Quinzavos, Ll.
Parra, Ll.
Liroz, M.
Benavent, J.
Clos, J.
Pla, I.
Amorós, M.
Bonet, M.T.
Martin, M.T.
Sánchez, M.S.
Altirriba, J.
Manzano, E.
Altés, A.
Cofán, M.
Valls‐Pedret, C.
Doménech, M.
Gilabert, R.
Bargalló, N.
González, R.
Molina, C.
Márquez, F.
Babio, N.
Sorli, M.
García Roselló, J.
Diaz‐López A, A.
Martin, F.
Tort, R.
Isach, A.
Costa, B.
Cabré, J.J.
Fernández‐Ballart, J.
Ibarrola‐Jurado, N.
Alegret, C.
Martínez, P.
Millán, S.
Piñol, J.L.
Basora, T.
Hernández, J.M.
Toledo, E.
Buil‐Cosiales, P.
Ruiz‐Canela, M.
Sanjulián, B.
Díez‐Espino, J.
Extremera‐Urabayen, V.
García‐Arellano, A.
Zazpe, I.
Basterra‐Gortari, F.J.
Goñi, E
Razquin, C.
Serrano‐Martínez, M.
Bes‐Rastrollo, M.
Gea, A.
Martínez‐Lapiscina, E.H.
Nuñez‐Córdoba, J.M.
Arroyo‐Azpa, C.
García‐Pérez, L.
Villanueva‐Tellería, J.
Cortés‐Ugalde, F.
Sagredo‐Arce, T.
García de la Noceda‐Montoy, Mª D.
Vigata‐López, Mª D.
Arceiz‐Campo, Mª T.
Urtasun‐Samper, A.
Gueto‐Rubio, Mª V.
Churio‐Beraza, B.
Lamuela‐Raventós, Rosa M.
Castellote‐Bargallo, A.I.
Medina‐Remón, A.
Tresserra‐Rimbau, A.
Carrasco, P.
Ortega‐ Azorín, C.
Asensio, E.M.
Osma, R.
Barragán, R.
Francés, F.
Guillén, M.
González, J.I.
Saiz, C.
Portolés, O.
Giménez, F.J.
Coltell, O.
Guillem‐Saiz, P.
Quiles, L.
Pascual, V.
Riera, C.
Pages, M.A.
Godoy, D.
Carratalá‐Calvo, A.
Martín‐Rillo, M.J.
Llopis‐Osorio, E.
Ruiz‐ Baixauli, J.
Bertolín‐Muñoz, A.
Salaverría, I.
del Hierro, T.
Algorta, J.
Francisco, S.
Alonso, A.
San Vicente, J.
Sanz, E.
Felipe, I.
Alonso Gómez, A.
Loma‐Osorio, A.
García‐Valdueza, M.
Moñino, M.
Proenza, A.
Prieto, R.
Frontera, G.
Ginard, M.
Fiol, F.
Jover, A.
García, J.
Covas, M.I.
Tello, S.
Vila, J.
Schröder, H.
De la Torre, R
Muñoz‐Aguayo, D.
Elosúa, R.
Marrugat, J.
Ferrer, M.
Álvarez‐Pérez, J.
DíazBenítez, E.
Bautista‐Castaño, I.
Maldonado‐Díaz, I.
Sánchez‐Villegas, A.
Castro, I.
Henríquez, P.
Ruano, C.
Ortiz, A. P.
Sarmiendo de la Fe, F
Simón‐García, C.
Falcón‐Sanabria, I.
Macías‐Gutiérrez, B.
Santana‐Santana, A.J.
Gomez‐Gracia, E.
Fernández‐Crehuet, J.
Benítez Pont, R.
Bianchi Alba, M.
Wärnberg, J.
Gómez‐Huelgas, R.
Martínez‐González, J.
Velasco García, V.
de Diego Salas, J
Baca Osorio, A.
Gil Zarzosa, J.
Sánchez Luque, J.J.
Vargas López, E.
Ruiz‐Gutierrez, V.
Jurado Ruiz, E.
Montero Romero, E.
García García, M.
Lapetra, J.
Leal, M.
Martínez, E.
Santos, J.M.
Ortega‐Calvo, M.
Román, P.
José García, F.
Iglesias, P.
Corchado, Y.
Mayoral, E.
Lama, C.
Pintó, X.
de la Cruz, E
Galera, A.
Soler, Y.
Trias, F.
Sarasa, I.
Padres, E.
Figueras, R.
Solanich, X.
Pujol, R.
Corbella, E.
Cabezas, C.
Vinyoles, E.
Rovira, M.A.
García, L.
Flores, G.
Verdú, J.M.
Baby, P.
Ramos, A.
Mengual, L.
Roura, P.
Yuste, M.C.
Guarner, A.
Rovira, A.
Santamaría, M.I.
Mata, M.
de Juan, C.
Brau, A.
Marti, A.
Mitjavila, M.T.
Portillo, M.P.
Sáez, G.
Tur, J.
author_sort Sala‐Vila, Aleix
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). METHODS AND RESULTS: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). CONCLUSIONS: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639.
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spelling pubmed-48593712016-05-20 Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study Sala‐Vila, Aleix Guasch‐Ferré, Marta Hu, Frank B. Sánchez‐Tainta, Ana Bulló, Mònica Serra‐Mir, Mercè López‐Sabater, Carmen Sorlí, Jose V. Arós, Fernando Fiol, Miquel Muñoz, Miguel A. Serra‐Majem, Luis Martínez, J. Alfredo Corella, Dolores Fitó, Montserrat Salas‐Salvadó, Jordi Martínez‐González, Miguel A. Estruch, Ramón Ros, Emilio Pérez‐Heras, A. Viñas, C. Casas, R. de Santamaría, L. Romero, S. Sacanella, E. Chiva, G. Valderas, P. Arranz, S. Baena, J.M. García, M. Oller, M. Amat, J. Duaso, I. García, Y. Iglesias, C. Simón, C. Quinzavos, Ll. Parra, Ll. Liroz, M. Benavent, J. Clos, J. Pla, I. Amorós, M. Bonet, M.T. Martin, M.T. Sánchez, M.S. Altirriba, J. Manzano, E. Altés, A. Cofán, M. Valls‐Pedret, C. Doménech, M. Gilabert, R. Bargalló, N. González, R. Molina, C. Márquez, F. Babio, N. Sorli, M. García Roselló, J. Diaz‐López A, A. Martin, F. Tort, R. Isach, A. Costa, B. Cabré, J.J. Fernández‐Ballart, J. Ibarrola‐Jurado, N. Alegret, C. Martínez, P. Millán, S. Piñol, J.L. Basora, T. Hernández, J.M. Toledo, E. Buil‐Cosiales, P. Ruiz‐Canela, M. Sanjulián, B. Díez‐Espino, J. Extremera‐Urabayen, V. García‐Arellano, A. Zazpe, I. Basterra‐Gortari, F.J. Goñi, E Razquin, C. Serrano‐Martínez, M. Bes‐Rastrollo, M. Gea, A. Martínez‐Lapiscina, E.H. Nuñez‐Córdoba, J.M. Arroyo‐Azpa, C. García‐Pérez, L. Villanueva‐Tellería, J. Cortés‐Ugalde, F. Sagredo‐Arce, T. García de la Noceda‐Montoy, Mª D. Vigata‐López, Mª D. Arceiz‐Campo, Mª T. Urtasun‐Samper, A. Gueto‐Rubio, Mª V. Churio‐Beraza, B. Lamuela‐Raventós, Rosa M. Castellote‐Bargallo, A.I. Medina‐Remón, A. Tresserra‐Rimbau, A. Carrasco, P. Ortega‐ Azorín, C. Asensio, E.M. Osma, R. Barragán, R. Francés, F. Guillén, M. González, J.I. Saiz, C. Portolés, O. Giménez, F.J. Coltell, O. Guillem‐Saiz, P. Quiles, L. Pascual, V. Riera, C. Pages, M.A. Godoy, D. Carratalá‐Calvo, A. Martín‐Rillo, M.J. Llopis‐Osorio, E. Ruiz‐ Baixauli, J. Bertolín‐Muñoz, A. Salaverría, I. del Hierro, T. Algorta, J. Francisco, S. Alonso, A. San Vicente, J. Sanz, E. Felipe, I. Alonso Gómez, A. Loma‐Osorio, A. García‐Valdueza, M. Moñino, M. Proenza, A. Prieto, R. Frontera, G. Ginard, M. Fiol, F. Jover, A. García, J. Covas, M.I. Tello, S. Vila, J. Schröder, H. De la Torre, R Muñoz‐Aguayo, D. Elosúa, R. Marrugat, J. Ferrer, M. Álvarez‐Pérez, J. DíazBenítez, E. Bautista‐Castaño, I. Maldonado‐Díaz, I. Sánchez‐Villegas, A. Castro, I. Henríquez, P. Ruano, C. Ortiz, A. P. Sarmiendo de la Fe, F Simón‐García, C. Falcón‐Sanabria, I. Macías‐Gutiérrez, B. Santana‐Santana, A.J. Gomez‐Gracia, E. Fernández‐Crehuet, J. Benítez Pont, R. Bianchi Alba, M. Wärnberg, J. Gómez‐Huelgas, R. Martínez‐González, J. Velasco García, V. de Diego Salas, J Baca Osorio, A. Gil Zarzosa, J. Sánchez Luque, J.J. Vargas López, E. Ruiz‐Gutierrez, V. Jurado Ruiz, E. Montero Romero, E. García García, M. Lapetra, J. Leal, M. Martínez, E. Santos, J.M. Ortega‐Calvo, M. Román, P. José García, F. Iglesias, P. Corchado, Y. Mayoral, E. Lama, C. Pintó, X. de la Cruz, E Galera, A. Soler, Y. Trias, F. Sarasa, I. Padres, E. Figueras, R. Solanich, X. Pujol, R. Corbella, E. Cabezas, C. Vinyoles, E. Rovira, M.A. García, L. Flores, G. Verdú, J.M. Baby, P. Ramos, A. Mengual, L. Roura, P. Yuste, M.C. Guarner, A. Rovira, A. Santamaría, M.I. Mata, M. de Juan, C. Brau, A. Marti, A. Mitjavila, M.T. Portillo, M.P. Sáez, G. Tur, J. J Am Heart Assoc Original Research BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). METHODS AND RESULTS: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). CONCLUSIONS: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016-01-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4859371/ /pubmed/26813890 http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.002543 Text en © 2016 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Original Research
Sala‐Vila, Aleix
Guasch‐Ferré, Marta
Hu, Frank B.
Sánchez‐Tainta, Ana
Bulló, Mònica
Serra‐Mir, Mercè
López‐Sabater, Carmen
Sorlí, Jose V.
Arós, Fernando
Fiol, Miquel
Muñoz, Miguel A.
Serra‐Majem, Luis
Martínez, J. Alfredo
Corella, Dolores
Fitó, Montserrat
Salas‐Salvadó, Jordi
Martínez‐González, Miguel A.
Estruch, Ramón
Ros, Emilio
Pérez‐Heras, A.
Viñas, C.
Casas, R.
de Santamaría, L.
Romero, S.
Sacanella, E.
Chiva, G.
Valderas, P.
Arranz, S.
Baena, J.M.
García, M.
Oller, M.
Amat, J.
Duaso, I.
García, Y.
Iglesias, C.
Simón, C.
Quinzavos, Ll.
Parra, Ll.
Liroz, M.
Benavent, J.
Clos, J.
Pla, I.
Amorós, M.
Bonet, M.T.
Martin, M.T.
Sánchez, M.S.
Altirriba, J.
Manzano, E.
Altés, A.
Cofán, M.
Valls‐Pedret, C.
Doménech, M.
Gilabert, R.
Bargalló, N.
González, R.
Molina, C.
Márquez, F.
Babio, N.
Sorli, M.
García Roselló, J.
Diaz‐López A, A.
Martin, F.
Tort, R.
Isach, A.
Costa, B.
Cabré, J.J.
Fernández‐Ballart, J.
Ibarrola‐Jurado, N.
Alegret, C.
Martínez, P.
Millán, S.
Piñol, J.L.
Basora, T.
Hernández, J.M.
Toledo, E.
Buil‐Cosiales, P.
Ruiz‐Canela, M.
Sanjulián, B.
Díez‐Espino, J.
Extremera‐Urabayen, V.
García‐Arellano, A.
Zazpe, I.
Basterra‐Gortari, F.J.
Goñi, E
Razquin, C.
Serrano‐Martínez, M.
Bes‐Rastrollo, M.
Gea, A.
Martínez‐Lapiscina, E.H.
Nuñez‐Córdoba, J.M.
Arroyo‐Azpa, C.
García‐Pérez, L.
Villanueva‐Tellería, J.
Cortés‐Ugalde, F.
Sagredo‐Arce, T.
García de la Noceda‐Montoy, Mª D.
Vigata‐López, Mª D.
Arceiz‐Campo, Mª T.
Urtasun‐Samper, A.
Gueto‐Rubio, Mª V.
Churio‐Beraza, B.
Lamuela‐Raventós, Rosa M.
Castellote‐Bargallo, A.I.
Medina‐Remón, A.
Tresserra‐Rimbau, A.
Carrasco, P.
Ortega‐ Azorín, C.
Asensio, E.M.
Osma, R.
Barragán, R.
Francés, F.
Guillén, M.
González, J.I.
Saiz, C.
Portolés, O.
Giménez, F.J.
Coltell, O.
Guillem‐Saiz, P.
Quiles, L.
Pascual, V.
Riera, C.
Pages, M.A.
Godoy, D.
Carratalá‐Calvo, A.
Martín‐Rillo, M.J.
Llopis‐Osorio, E.
Ruiz‐ Baixauli, J.
Bertolín‐Muñoz, A.
Salaverría, I.
del Hierro, T.
Algorta, J.
Francisco, S.
Alonso, A.
San Vicente, J.
Sanz, E.
Felipe, I.
Alonso Gómez, A.
Loma‐Osorio, A.
García‐Valdueza, M.
Moñino, M.
Proenza, A.
Prieto, R.
Frontera, G.
Ginard, M.
Fiol, F.
Jover, A.
García, J.
Covas, M.I.
Tello, S.
Vila, J.
Schröder, H.
De la Torre, R
Muñoz‐Aguayo, D.
Elosúa, R.
Marrugat, J.
Ferrer, M.
Álvarez‐Pérez, J.
DíazBenítez, E.
Bautista‐Castaño, I.
Maldonado‐Díaz, I.
Sánchez‐Villegas, A.
Castro, I.
Henríquez, P.
Ruano, C.
Ortiz, A. P.
Sarmiendo de la Fe, F
Simón‐García, C.
Falcón‐Sanabria, I.
Macías‐Gutiérrez, B.
Santana‐Santana, A.J.
Gomez‐Gracia, E.
Fernández‐Crehuet, J.
Benítez Pont, R.
Bianchi Alba, M.
Wärnberg, J.
Gómez‐Huelgas, R.
Martínez‐González, J.
Velasco García, V.
de Diego Salas, J
Baca Osorio, A.
Gil Zarzosa, J.
Sánchez Luque, J.J.
Vargas López, E.
Ruiz‐Gutierrez, V.
Jurado Ruiz, E.
Montero Romero, E.
García García, M.
Lapetra, J.
Leal, M.
Martínez, E.
Santos, J.M.
Ortega‐Calvo, M.
Román, P.
José García, F.
Iglesias, P.
Corchado, Y.
Mayoral, E.
Lama, C.
Pintó, X.
de la Cruz, E
Galera, A.
Soler, Y.
Trias, F.
Sarasa, I.
Padres, E.
Figueras, R.
Solanich, X.
Pujol, R.
Corbella, E.
Cabezas, C.
Vinyoles, E.
Rovira, M.A.
García, L.
Flores, G.
Verdú, J.M.
Baby, P.
Ramos, A.
Mengual, L.
Roura, P.
Yuste, M.C.
Guarner, A.
Rovira, A.
Santamaría, M.I.
Mata, M.
de Juan, C.
Brau, A.
Marti, A.
Mitjavila, M.T.
Portillo, M.P.
Sáez, G.
Tur, J.
Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study
title Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study
title_full Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study
title_fullStr Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study
title_full_unstemmed Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study
title_short Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study
title_sort dietary α‐linolenic acid, marine ω‐3 fatty acids, and mortality in a population with high fish consumption: findings from the prevención con dieta mediterránea (predimed) study
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4859371/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26813890
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.002543
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AT costab dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT cabrejj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT fernandezballartj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT ibarrolajuradon dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT alegretc dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT martinezp dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT millans dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT pinoljl dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT basorat dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT hernandezjm dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT toledoe dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT builcosialesp dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT ruizcanelam dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT sanjulianb dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT diezespinoj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT extremeraurabayenv dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT garciaarellanoa dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT zazpei dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT basterragortarifj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT gonie dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT razquinc dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT serranomartinezm dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT besrastrollom dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT geaa dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT martinezlapiscinaeh dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT nunezcordobajm dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT arroyoazpac dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT garciaperezl dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT villanuevatelleriaj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT cortesugaldef dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT sagredoarcet dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT garciadelanocedamontoymad dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT vigatalopezmad dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT arceizcampomat dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT urtasunsampera dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT guetorubiomav dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT churioberazab dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT lamuelaraventosrosam dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT castellotebargalloai dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT medinaremona dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT tresserrarimbaua dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT carrascop dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT ortegaazorinc dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT asensioem dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT osmar dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT barraganr dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT francesf dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT guillenm dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT gonzalezji dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT saizc dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT portoleso dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT gimenezfj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT coltello dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT guillemsaizp dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT quilesl dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT pascualv dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT rierac dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT pagesma dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT godoyd dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT carratalacalvoa dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT martinrillomj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT llopisosorioe dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT ruizbaixaulij dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT bertolinmunoza dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT salaverriai dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT delhierrot dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT algortaj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT franciscos dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT alonsoa dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT sanvicentej dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT sanze dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT felipei dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT alonsogomeza dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT lomaosorioa dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT garciavalduezam dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT moninom dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT proenzaa dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT prietor dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT fronterag dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT ginardm dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT fiolf dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT jovera dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT garciaj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT covasmi dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT tellos dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT vilaj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT schroderh dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT delatorrer dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT munozaguayod dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT elosuar dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT marrugatj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT ferrerm dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT alvarezperezj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT diazbeniteze dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT bautistacastanoi dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT maldonadodiazi dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT sanchezvillegasa dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT castroi dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT henriquezp dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT ruanoc dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT ortizap dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT sarmiendodelafef dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT simongarciac dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT falconsanabriai dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT maciasgutierrezb dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT santanasantanaaj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT gomezgraciae dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT fernandezcrehuetj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT benitezpontr dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT bianchialbam dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT warnbergj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT gomezhuelgasr dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT martinezgonzalezj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT velascogarciav dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT dediegosalasj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT bacaosorioa dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT gilzarzosaj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT sanchezluquejj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT vargaslopeze dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT ruizgutierrezv dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT juradoruize dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT monteroromeroe dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT garciagarciam dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT lapetraj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT lealm dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT martineze dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT santosjm dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT ortegacalvom dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT romanp dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT josegarciaf dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT iglesiasp dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT corchadoy dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT mayorale dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT lamac dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT pintox dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT delacruze dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT galeraa dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT solery dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT triasf dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT sarasai dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT padrese dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT figuerasr dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT solanichx dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT pujolr dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT corbellae dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT cabezasc dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT vinyolese dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT rovirama dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT garcial dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT floresg dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT verdujm dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT babyp dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT ramosa dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT menguall dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT rourap dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT yustemc dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT guarnera dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT roviraa dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT santamariami dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT matam dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT dejuanc dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT braua dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT martia dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT mitjavilamt dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT portillomp dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT saezg dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy
AT turj dietaryalinolenicacidmarineō3fattyacidsandmortalityinapopulationwithhighfishconsumptionfindingsfromtheprevencioncondietamediterraneapredimedstudy

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