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A Model for Direction Sensing in Dictyostelium discoideum: Ras Activity and Symmetry Breaking Driven by a G(βγ)-Mediated, G(α2)-Ric8 -- Dependent Signal Transduction Network
Chemotaxis is a dynamic cellular process, comprised of direction sensing, polarization and locomotion, that leads to the directed movement of eukaryotic cells along extracellular gradients. As a primary step in the response of an individual cell to a spatial stimulus, direction sensing has attracted...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4859573/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27152956 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004900 |
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author | Cheng, Yougan Othmer, Hans |
author_facet | Cheng, Yougan Othmer, Hans |
author_sort | Cheng, Yougan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chemotaxis is a dynamic cellular process, comprised of direction sensing, polarization and locomotion, that leads to the directed movement of eukaryotic cells along extracellular gradients. As a primary step in the response of an individual cell to a spatial stimulus, direction sensing has attracted numerous theoretical treatments aimed at explaining experimental observations in a variety of cell types. Here we propose a new model of direction sensing based on experiments using Dictyostelium discoideum (Dicty). The model is built around a reaction-diffusion-translocation system that involves three main component processes: a signal detection step based on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) for cyclic AMP (cAMP), a transduction step based on a heterotrimetic G protein G(α(2)βγ), and an activation step of a monomeric G-protein Ras. The model can predict the experimentally-observed response of cells treated with latrunculin A, which removes feedback from downstream processes, under a variety of stimulus protocols. We show that [Image: see text] cycling modulated by Ric8, a nonreceptor guanine exchange factor for [Image: see text] in Dicty, drives multiple phases of Ras activation and leads to direction sensing and signal amplification in cAMP gradients. The model predicts that both [Image: see text] and G(βγ) are essential for direction sensing, in that membrane-localized [Image: see text] , the activated GTP-bearing form of [Image: see text] , leads to asymmetrical recruitment of RasGEF and Ric8, while globally-diffusing G(βγ) mediates their activation. We show that the predicted response at the level of Ras activation encodes sufficient ‘memory’ to eliminate the ‘back-of-the wave’ problem, and the effects of diffusion and cell shape on direction sensing are also investigated. In contrast with existing LEGI models of chemotaxis, the results do not require a disparity between the diffusion coefficients of the Ras activator GEF and the Ras inhibitor GAP. Since the signal pathways we study are highly conserved between Dicty and mammalian leukocytes, the model can serve as a generic one for direction sensing. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4859573 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48595732016-05-13 A Model for Direction Sensing in Dictyostelium discoideum: Ras Activity and Symmetry Breaking Driven by a G(βγ)-Mediated, G(α2)-Ric8 -- Dependent Signal Transduction Network Cheng, Yougan Othmer, Hans PLoS Comput Biol Research Article Chemotaxis is a dynamic cellular process, comprised of direction sensing, polarization and locomotion, that leads to the directed movement of eukaryotic cells along extracellular gradients. As a primary step in the response of an individual cell to a spatial stimulus, direction sensing has attracted numerous theoretical treatments aimed at explaining experimental observations in a variety of cell types. Here we propose a new model of direction sensing based on experiments using Dictyostelium discoideum (Dicty). The model is built around a reaction-diffusion-translocation system that involves three main component processes: a signal detection step based on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) for cyclic AMP (cAMP), a transduction step based on a heterotrimetic G protein G(α(2)βγ), and an activation step of a monomeric G-protein Ras. The model can predict the experimentally-observed response of cells treated with latrunculin A, which removes feedback from downstream processes, under a variety of stimulus protocols. We show that [Image: see text] cycling modulated by Ric8, a nonreceptor guanine exchange factor for [Image: see text] in Dicty, drives multiple phases of Ras activation and leads to direction sensing and signal amplification in cAMP gradients. The model predicts that both [Image: see text] and G(βγ) are essential for direction sensing, in that membrane-localized [Image: see text] , the activated GTP-bearing form of [Image: see text] , leads to asymmetrical recruitment of RasGEF and Ric8, while globally-diffusing G(βγ) mediates their activation. We show that the predicted response at the level of Ras activation encodes sufficient ‘memory’ to eliminate the ‘back-of-the wave’ problem, and the effects of diffusion and cell shape on direction sensing are also investigated. In contrast with existing LEGI models of chemotaxis, the results do not require a disparity between the diffusion coefficients of the Ras activator GEF and the Ras inhibitor GAP. Since the signal pathways we study are highly conserved between Dicty and mammalian leukocytes, the model can serve as a generic one for direction sensing. Public Library of Science 2016-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4859573/ /pubmed/27152956 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004900 Text en © 2016 Cheng, Othmer http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Cheng, Yougan Othmer, Hans A Model for Direction Sensing in Dictyostelium discoideum: Ras Activity and Symmetry Breaking Driven by a G(βγ)-Mediated, G(α2)-Ric8 -- Dependent Signal Transduction Network |
title | A Model for Direction Sensing in Dictyostelium discoideum: Ras Activity and Symmetry Breaking Driven by a G(βγ)-Mediated, G(α2)-Ric8 -- Dependent Signal Transduction Network |
title_full | A Model for Direction Sensing in Dictyostelium discoideum: Ras Activity and Symmetry Breaking Driven by a G(βγ)-Mediated, G(α2)-Ric8 -- Dependent Signal Transduction Network |
title_fullStr | A Model for Direction Sensing in Dictyostelium discoideum: Ras Activity and Symmetry Breaking Driven by a G(βγ)-Mediated, G(α2)-Ric8 -- Dependent Signal Transduction Network |
title_full_unstemmed | A Model for Direction Sensing in Dictyostelium discoideum: Ras Activity and Symmetry Breaking Driven by a G(βγ)-Mediated, G(α2)-Ric8 -- Dependent Signal Transduction Network |
title_short | A Model for Direction Sensing in Dictyostelium discoideum: Ras Activity and Symmetry Breaking Driven by a G(βγ)-Mediated, G(α2)-Ric8 -- Dependent Signal Transduction Network |
title_sort | model for direction sensing in dictyostelium discoideum: ras activity and symmetry breaking driven by a g(βγ)-mediated, g(α2)-ric8 -- dependent signal transduction network |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4859573/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27152956 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004900 |
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