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Pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is colonized by a dense community of commensal microorganisms referred to as the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota and the host have co-evolved, and they engage in a myriad of immunogenic and metabolic interactions. The gut microbiota contributes to the maintenance o...

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Autores principales: Nagao-Kitamoto, Hiroko, Kitamoto, Sho, Kuffa, Peter, Kamada, Nobuhiko
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4863046/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27175113
http://dx.doi.org/10.5217/ir.2016.14.2.127
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author Nagao-Kitamoto, Hiroko
Kitamoto, Sho
Kuffa, Peter
Kamada, Nobuhiko
author_facet Nagao-Kitamoto, Hiroko
Kitamoto, Sho
Kuffa, Peter
Kamada, Nobuhiko
author_sort Nagao-Kitamoto, Hiroko
collection PubMed
description The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is colonized by a dense community of commensal microorganisms referred to as the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota and the host have co-evolved, and they engage in a myriad of immunogenic and metabolic interactions. The gut microbiota contributes to the maintenance of host health. However, when healthy microbial structure is perturbed, a condition termed dysbiosis, the altered gut microbiota can trigger the development of various GI diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, celiac disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as genetic variations, diet, stress, and medication, can dramatically affect the balance of the gut microbiota. Therefore, these factors regulate the development and progression of GI diseases by inducing dysbiosis. Herein, we will review the recent advances in the field, focusing on the mechanisms through which intrinsic and extrinsic factors induce dysbiosis and the role a dysbiotic microbiota plays in the pathogenesis of GI diseases.
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spelling pubmed-48630462016-05-12 Pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases Nagao-Kitamoto, Hiroko Kitamoto, Sho Kuffa, Peter Kamada, Nobuhiko Intest Res Review The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is colonized by a dense community of commensal microorganisms referred to as the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota and the host have co-evolved, and they engage in a myriad of immunogenic and metabolic interactions. The gut microbiota contributes to the maintenance of host health. However, when healthy microbial structure is perturbed, a condition termed dysbiosis, the altered gut microbiota can trigger the development of various GI diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, celiac disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as genetic variations, diet, stress, and medication, can dramatically affect the balance of the gut microbiota. Therefore, these factors regulate the development and progression of GI diseases by inducing dysbiosis. Herein, we will review the recent advances in the field, focusing on the mechanisms through which intrinsic and extrinsic factors induce dysbiosis and the role a dysbiotic microbiota plays in the pathogenesis of GI diseases. Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases 2016-04 2016-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC4863046/ /pubmed/27175113 http://dx.doi.org/10.5217/ir.2016.14.2.127 Text en © Copyright 2016. Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases. All rights reserved. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Nagao-Kitamoto, Hiroko
Kitamoto, Sho
Kuffa, Peter
Kamada, Nobuhiko
Pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases
title Pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases
title_full Pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases
title_fullStr Pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases
title_full_unstemmed Pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases
title_short Pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases
title_sort pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4863046/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27175113
http://dx.doi.org/10.5217/ir.2016.14.2.127
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