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Diverse Functions of Endothelial NO Synthases System: NO and EDH

Endothelium-dependent relaxations are predominantly regulated by nitric oxide (NO) in large conduit arteries and by endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) in small resistance vessels. Although the nature of EDH factors varies depending on species and vascular beds, we have previously demonstr...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Shimokawa, Hiroaki, Godo, Shigeo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4863718/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26647119
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0000000000000348
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author Shimokawa, Hiroaki
Godo, Shigeo
author_facet Shimokawa, Hiroaki
Godo, Shigeo
author_sort Shimokawa, Hiroaki
collection PubMed
description Endothelium-dependent relaxations are predominantly regulated by nitric oxide (NO) in large conduit arteries and by endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) in small resistance vessels. Although the nature of EDH factors varies depending on species and vascular beds, we have previously demonstrated that endothelial NO synthases (eNOS)-derived hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is an EDH factor in animals and humans. This vessel size-dependent contribution of NO and EDH is, at least in part, attributable to the diverse roles of endothelial NOSs system; in large conduit arteries, eNOS mainly serves as a NO-generating system to elicit soluble guanylate cyclase–cyclic guanosine monophosphate-mediated relaxations, whereas in small resistance vessels, it serves as a superoxide-generating system to cause EDH/H(2)O(2)-mediated relaxations. Endothelial caveolin-1 may play an important role for the diverse roles of NOSs. Although reactive oxygen species are generally regarded harmful, the physiological roles of H(2)O(2) have attracted much attention as accumulating evidence has shown that endothelium-derived H(2)O(2) contributes to cardiovascular homeostasis. The diverse functions of endothelial NOSs system with NO and EDH/H(2)O(2) could account for a compensatory mechanism in the setting of endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we will briefly summarize the current knowledge on the diverse functions of endothelial NOSs system: NO and EDH/H(2)O(2).
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spelling pubmed-48637182016-06-03 Diverse Functions of Endothelial NO Synthases System: NO and EDH Shimokawa, Hiroaki Godo, Shigeo J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Invited Review Article Endothelium-dependent relaxations are predominantly regulated by nitric oxide (NO) in large conduit arteries and by endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) in small resistance vessels. Although the nature of EDH factors varies depending on species and vascular beds, we have previously demonstrated that endothelial NO synthases (eNOS)-derived hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is an EDH factor in animals and humans. This vessel size-dependent contribution of NO and EDH is, at least in part, attributable to the diverse roles of endothelial NOSs system; in large conduit arteries, eNOS mainly serves as a NO-generating system to elicit soluble guanylate cyclase–cyclic guanosine monophosphate-mediated relaxations, whereas in small resistance vessels, it serves as a superoxide-generating system to cause EDH/H(2)O(2)-mediated relaxations. Endothelial caveolin-1 may play an important role for the diverse roles of NOSs. Although reactive oxygen species are generally regarded harmful, the physiological roles of H(2)O(2) have attracted much attention as accumulating evidence has shown that endothelium-derived H(2)O(2) contributes to cardiovascular homeostasis. The diverse functions of endothelial NOSs system with NO and EDH/H(2)O(2) could account for a compensatory mechanism in the setting of endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we will briefly summarize the current knowledge on the diverse functions of endothelial NOSs system: NO and EDH/H(2)O(2). Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2016-05 2015-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4863718/ /pubmed/26647119 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0000000000000348 Text en Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially.
spellingShingle Invited Review Article
Shimokawa, Hiroaki
Godo, Shigeo
Diverse Functions of Endothelial NO Synthases System: NO and EDH
title Diverse Functions of Endothelial NO Synthases System: NO and EDH
title_full Diverse Functions of Endothelial NO Synthases System: NO and EDH
title_fullStr Diverse Functions of Endothelial NO Synthases System: NO and EDH
title_full_unstemmed Diverse Functions of Endothelial NO Synthases System: NO and EDH
title_short Diverse Functions of Endothelial NO Synthases System: NO and EDH
title_sort diverse functions of endothelial no synthases system: no and edh
topic Invited Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4863718/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26647119
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0000000000000348
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