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Theobroma cacao L. pathogenesis-related gene tandem array members show diverse expression dynamics in response to pathogen colonization

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis-related (PR) group of proteins are operationally defined as polypeptides that increase in concentration in plant tissues upon contact with a pathogen. To date, 17 classes of highly divergent proteins have been described that act through multiple mechanisms of pathogen re...

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Autores principales: Fister, Andrew S., Mejia, Luis C., Zhang, Yufan, Herre, Edward Allen, Maximova, Siela N., Guiltinan, Mark J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4869279/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27189060
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-2693-3
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author Fister, Andrew S.
Mejia, Luis C.
Zhang, Yufan
Herre, Edward Allen
Maximova, Siela N.
Guiltinan, Mark J.
author_facet Fister, Andrew S.
Mejia, Luis C.
Zhang, Yufan
Herre, Edward Allen
Maximova, Siela N.
Guiltinan, Mark J.
author_sort Fister, Andrew S.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis-related (PR) group of proteins are operationally defined as polypeptides that increase in concentration in plant tissues upon contact with a pathogen. To date, 17 classes of highly divergent proteins have been described that act through multiple mechanisms of pathogen resistance. Characterizing these families in cacao, an economically important tree crop, and comparing the families to those in other species, is an important step in understanding cacao’s immune response. RESULTS: Using publically available resources, all members of the 17 recognized pathogenesis-related gene families in the genome of Theobroma cacao were identified and annotated resulting in a set of ~350 members in both published cacao genomes. Approximately 50 % of these genes are organized in tandem arrays scattered throughout the genome. This feature was observed in five additional plant taxa (three dicots and two monocots), suggesting that tandem duplication has played an important role in the evolution of the PR genes in higher plants. Expression profiling captured the dynamics and complexity of PR genes expression at basal levels and after induction by two cacao pathogens (the oomycete, Phytophthora palmivora, and the fungus, Colletotrichum theobromicola), identifying specific genes within families that are more responsive to pathogen challenge. Subsequent qRT-PCR validated the induction of several PR-1, PR-3, PR-4, and PR-10 family members, with greater than 1000 fold induction detected for specific genes. CONCLUSIONS: We describe candidate genes that are likely to be involved in cacao’s defense against Phytophthora and Colletotrichum infection and could be potentially useful for marker-assisted selection for breeding of disease resistant cacao varieties. The data presented here, along with existing cacao—omics resources, will enable targeted functional genetic screening of defense genes likely to play critical functions in cacao’s defense against its pathogens. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2693-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-48692792016-05-18 Theobroma cacao L. pathogenesis-related gene tandem array members show diverse expression dynamics in response to pathogen colonization Fister, Andrew S. Mejia, Luis C. Zhang, Yufan Herre, Edward Allen Maximova, Siela N. Guiltinan, Mark J. BMC Genomics Research Article BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis-related (PR) group of proteins are operationally defined as polypeptides that increase in concentration in plant tissues upon contact with a pathogen. To date, 17 classes of highly divergent proteins have been described that act through multiple mechanisms of pathogen resistance. Characterizing these families in cacao, an economically important tree crop, and comparing the families to those in other species, is an important step in understanding cacao’s immune response. RESULTS: Using publically available resources, all members of the 17 recognized pathogenesis-related gene families in the genome of Theobroma cacao were identified and annotated resulting in a set of ~350 members in both published cacao genomes. Approximately 50 % of these genes are organized in tandem arrays scattered throughout the genome. This feature was observed in five additional plant taxa (three dicots and two monocots), suggesting that tandem duplication has played an important role in the evolution of the PR genes in higher plants. Expression profiling captured the dynamics and complexity of PR genes expression at basal levels and after induction by two cacao pathogens (the oomycete, Phytophthora palmivora, and the fungus, Colletotrichum theobromicola), identifying specific genes within families that are more responsive to pathogen challenge. Subsequent qRT-PCR validated the induction of several PR-1, PR-3, PR-4, and PR-10 family members, with greater than 1000 fold induction detected for specific genes. CONCLUSIONS: We describe candidate genes that are likely to be involved in cacao’s defense against Phytophthora and Colletotrichum infection and could be potentially useful for marker-assisted selection for breeding of disease resistant cacao varieties. The data presented here, along with existing cacao—omics resources, will enable targeted functional genetic screening of defense genes likely to play critical functions in cacao’s defense against its pathogens. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2693-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC4869279/ /pubmed/27189060 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-2693-3 Text en © Fister et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Fister, Andrew S.
Mejia, Luis C.
Zhang, Yufan
Herre, Edward Allen
Maximova, Siela N.
Guiltinan, Mark J.
Theobroma cacao L. pathogenesis-related gene tandem array members show diverse expression dynamics in response to pathogen colonization
title Theobroma cacao L. pathogenesis-related gene tandem array members show diverse expression dynamics in response to pathogen colonization
title_full Theobroma cacao L. pathogenesis-related gene tandem array members show diverse expression dynamics in response to pathogen colonization
title_fullStr Theobroma cacao L. pathogenesis-related gene tandem array members show diverse expression dynamics in response to pathogen colonization
title_full_unstemmed Theobroma cacao L. pathogenesis-related gene tandem array members show diverse expression dynamics in response to pathogen colonization
title_short Theobroma cacao L. pathogenesis-related gene tandem array members show diverse expression dynamics in response to pathogen colonization
title_sort theobroma cacao l. pathogenesis-related gene tandem array members show diverse expression dynamics in response to pathogen colonization
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4869279/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27189060
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-2693-3
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