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Effect of a gel containing pilocarpine on vaginal atrophy in castrated rats

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of Carbopol gel formulations containing pilocarpine on the morphology and morphometry of the vaginal epithelium of castrated rats. METHODS: Thirty-one female Wistar-Hannover rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control Groups I (n=7, rats in persistent...

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Autores principales: de Sousa-Lages, Cristina A., de Deus-Lages, Lívio P., de Sousa, Gabriela V., de Moura-Leal, Adinaide C., Conde, Airton Mendes, Costa-Silva, Danylo Rafhael, da Conceição Barros-Oliveira, Maria, Borges, Carine Soares, Escórcio-Dourado, Carla Solange, Sampaio, Fabiane A., Cunha-Nunes, Lívio C., da-Silva, Benedito B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4874271/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27276400
http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2016(05)09
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author de Sousa-Lages, Cristina A.
de Deus-Lages, Lívio P.
de Sousa, Gabriela V.
de Moura-Leal, Adinaide C.
Conde, Airton Mendes
Costa-Silva, Danylo Rafhael
da Conceição Barros-Oliveira, Maria
Borges, Carine Soares
Escórcio-Dourado, Carla Solange
Sampaio, Fabiane A.
Cunha-Nunes, Lívio C.
da-Silva, Benedito B.
author_facet de Sousa-Lages, Cristina A.
de Deus-Lages, Lívio P.
de Sousa, Gabriela V.
de Moura-Leal, Adinaide C.
Conde, Airton Mendes
Costa-Silva, Danylo Rafhael
da Conceição Barros-Oliveira, Maria
Borges, Carine Soares
Escórcio-Dourado, Carla Solange
Sampaio, Fabiane A.
Cunha-Nunes, Lívio C.
da-Silva, Benedito B.
author_sort de Sousa-Lages, Cristina A.
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of Carbopol gel formulations containing pilocarpine on the morphology and morphometry of the vaginal epithelium of castrated rats. METHODS: Thirty-one female Wistar-Hannover rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control Groups I (n=7, rats in persistent estrus; positive controls) and II (n=7, castrated rats, negative controls) and the experimental Groups, III (n=8) and IV (n=9). Persistent estrus (Group I) was achieved with a subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate on the second postnatal day. At 90 days postnatal, rats in Groups II, III and IV were castrated and treated vaginally for 14 days with Carbopol gel (vehicle alone) or Carbopol gel containing 5% and 15% pilocarpine, respectively. Next, all of the animals were euthanized and their vaginas were removed for histological evaluation. A non-parametric test with a weighted linear regression model was used for data analysis (p<0.05). RESULTS: The morphological evaluation showed maturation of the vaginal epithelium with keratinization in Group I, whereas signs of vaginal atrophy were present in the rats of the other groups. Morphometric examinations showed mean thickness values of the vaginal epithelium of 195.10±12.23 μm, 30.90±1.14 μm, 28.16±2.98 μm and 29.84±2.30 μm in Groups I, II, III and IV, respectively, with statistically significant differences between Group I and the other three groups (p<0.0001) and no differences between Groups II, III and IV (p=0.0809). CONCLUSION: Topical gel formulations containing pilocarpine had no effect on atrophy of the vaginal epithelium in the castrated female rats.
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spelling pubmed-48742712016-06-07 Effect of a gel containing pilocarpine on vaginal atrophy in castrated rats de Sousa-Lages, Cristina A. de Deus-Lages, Lívio P. de Sousa, Gabriela V. de Moura-Leal, Adinaide C. Conde, Airton Mendes Costa-Silva, Danylo Rafhael da Conceição Barros-Oliveira, Maria Borges, Carine Soares Escórcio-Dourado, Carla Solange Sampaio, Fabiane A. Cunha-Nunes, Lívio C. da-Silva, Benedito B. Clinics (Sao Paulo) Basic Research OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of Carbopol gel formulations containing pilocarpine on the morphology and morphometry of the vaginal epithelium of castrated rats. METHODS: Thirty-one female Wistar-Hannover rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control Groups I (n=7, rats in persistent estrus; positive controls) and II (n=7, castrated rats, negative controls) and the experimental Groups, III (n=8) and IV (n=9). Persistent estrus (Group I) was achieved with a subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate on the second postnatal day. At 90 days postnatal, rats in Groups II, III and IV were castrated and treated vaginally for 14 days with Carbopol gel (vehicle alone) or Carbopol gel containing 5% and 15% pilocarpine, respectively. Next, all of the animals were euthanized and their vaginas were removed for histological evaluation. A non-parametric test with a weighted linear regression model was used for data analysis (p<0.05). RESULTS: The morphological evaluation showed maturation of the vaginal epithelium with keratinization in Group I, whereas signs of vaginal atrophy were present in the rats of the other groups. Morphometric examinations showed mean thickness values of the vaginal epithelium of 195.10±12.23 μm, 30.90±1.14 μm, 28.16±2.98 μm and 29.84±2.30 μm in Groups I, II, III and IV, respectively, with statistically significant differences between Group I and the other three groups (p<0.0001) and no differences between Groups II, III and IV (p=0.0809). CONCLUSION: Topical gel formulations containing pilocarpine had no effect on atrophy of the vaginal epithelium in the castrated female rats. Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo 2016-05 2016-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4874271/ /pubmed/27276400 http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2016(05)09 Text en Copyright © 2016 CLINICS http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Basic Research
de Sousa-Lages, Cristina A.
de Deus-Lages, Lívio P.
de Sousa, Gabriela V.
de Moura-Leal, Adinaide C.
Conde, Airton Mendes
Costa-Silva, Danylo Rafhael
da Conceição Barros-Oliveira, Maria
Borges, Carine Soares
Escórcio-Dourado, Carla Solange
Sampaio, Fabiane A.
Cunha-Nunes, Lívio C.
da-Silva, Benedito B.
Effect of a gel containing pilocarpine on vaginal atrophy in castrated rats
title Effect of a gel containing pilocarpine on vaginal atrophy in castrated rats
title_full Effect of a gel containing pilocarpine on vaginal atrophy in castrated rats
title_fullStr Effect of a gel containing pilocarpine on vaginal atrophy in castrated rats
title_full_unstemmed Effect of a gel containing pilocarpine on vaginal atrophy in castrated rats
title_short Effect of a gel containing pilocarpine on vaginal atrophy in castrated rats
title_sort effect of a gel containing pilocarpine on vaginal atrophy in castrated rats
topic Basic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4874271/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27276400
http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2016(05)09
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