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Non-equilibrium dynamics and floral trait interactions shape extant angiosperm diversity
Why are some traits and trait combinations exceptionally common across the tree of life, whereas others are vanishingly rare? The distribution of trait diversity across a clade at any time depends on the ancestral state of the clade, the rate at which new phenotypes evolve, the differences in specia...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4874697/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27147092 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2304 |
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author | O'Meara, Brian C. Smith, Stacey D. Armbruster, W. Scott Harder, Lawrence D. Hardy, Christopher R. Hileman, Lena C. Hufford, Larry Litt, Amy Magallón, Susana Smith, Stephen A. Stevens, Peter F. Fenster, Charles B. Diggle, Pamela K. |
author_facet | O'Meara, Brian C. Smith, Stacey D. Armbruster, W. Scott Harder, Lawrence D. Hardy, Christopher R. Hileman, Lena C. Hufford, Larry Litt, Amy Magallón, Susana Smith, Stephen A. Stevens, Peter F. Fenster, Charles B. Diggle, Pamela K. |
author_sort | O'Meara, Brian C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Why are some traits and trait combinations exceptionally common across the tree of life, whereas others are vanishingly rare? The distribution of trait diversity across a clade at any time depends on the ancestral state of the clade, the rate at which new phenotypes evolve, the differences in speciation and extinction rates across lineages, and whether an equilibrium has been reached. Here we examine the role of transition rates, differential diversification (speciation minus extinction) and non-equilibrium dynamics on the evolutionary history of angiosperms, a clade well known for the abundance of some trait combinations and the rarity of others. Our analysis reveals that three character states (corolla present, bilateral symmetry, reduced stamen number) act synergistically as a key innovation, doubling diversification rates for lineages in which this combination occurs. However, this combination is currently less common than predicted at equilibrium because the individual characters evolve infrequently. Simulations suggest that angiosperms will remain far from the equilibrium frequencies of character states well into the future. Such non-equilibrium dynamics may be common when major innovations evolve rarely, allowing lineages with ancestral forms to persist, and even outnumber those with diversification-enhancing states, for tens of millions of years. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4874697 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | The Royal Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48746972016-05-25 Non-equilibrium dynamics and floral trait interactions shape extant angiosperm diversity O'Meara, Brian C. Smith, Stacey D. Armbruster, W. Scott Harder, Lawrence D. Hardy, Christopher R. Hileman, Lena C. Hufford, Larry Litt, Amy Magallón, Susana Smith, Stephen A. Stevens, Peter F. Fenster, Charles B. Diggle, Pamela K. Proc Biol Sci Research Articles Why are some traits and trait combinations exceptionally common across the tree of life, whereas others are vanishingly rare? The distribution of trait diversity across a clade at any time depends on the ancestral state of the clade, the rate at which new phenotypes evolve, the differences in speciation and extinction rates across lineages, and whether an equilibrium has been reached. Here we examine the role of transition rates, differential diversification (speciation minus extinction) and non-equilibrium dynamics on the evolutionary history of angiosperms, a clade well known for the abundance of some trait combinations and the rarity of others. Our analysis reveals that three character states (corolla present, bilateral symmetry, reduced stamen number) act synergistically as a key innovation, doubling diversification rates for lineages in which this combination occurs. However, this combination is currently less common than predicted at equilibrium because the individual characters evolve infrequently. Simulations suggest that angiosperms will remain far from the equilibrium frequencies of character states well into the future. Such non-equilibrium dynamics may be common when major innovations evolve rarely, allowing lineages with ancestral forms to persist, and even outnumber those with diversification-enhancing states, for tens of millions of years. The Royal Society 2016-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4874697/ /pubmed/27147092 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2304 Text en © 2016 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles O'Meara, Brian C. Smith, Stacey D. Armbruster, W. Scott Harder, Lawrence D. Hardy, Christopher R. Hileman, Lena C. Hufford, Larry Litt, Amy Magallón, Susana Smith, Stephen A. Stevens, Peter F. Fenster, Charles B. Diggle, Pamela K. Non-equilibrium dynamics and floral trait interactions shape extant angiosperm diversity |
title | Non-equilibrium dynamics and floral trait interactions shape extant angiosperm diversity |
title_full | Non-equilibrium dynamics and floral trait interactions shape extant angiosperm diversity |
title_fullStr | Non-equilibrium dynamics and floral trait interactions shape extant angiosperm diversity |
title_full_unstemmed | Non-equilibrium dynamics and floral trait interactions shape extant angiosperm diversity |
title_short | Non-equilibrium dynamics and floral trait interactions shape extant angiosperm diversity |
title_sort | non-equilibrium dynamics and floral trait interactions shape extant angiosperm diversity |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4874697/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27147092 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2304 |
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