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Effects of high doses of vitamin D(3) on mucosa-associated gut microbiome vary between regions of the human gastrointestinal tract
PURPOSE: Vitamin D is well known for its effects on bone mineralisation but has also been attributed immunomodulatory properties. It positively influences human health, but in vivo data describing vitamin D effects on the human gut microbiome are missing. We aimed to investigate the effects of oral...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4875045/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26130323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0966-2 |
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author | Bashir, Mina Prietl, Barbara Tauschmann, Martin Mautner, Selma I. Kump, Patrizia K. Treiber, Gerlies Wurm, Philipp Gorkiewicz, Gregor Högenauer, Christoph Pieber, Thomas R. |
author_facet | Bashir, Mina Prietl, Barbara Tauschmann, Martin Mautner, Selma I. Kump, Patrizia K. Treiber, Gerlies Wurm, Philipp Gorkiewicz, Gregor Högenauer, Christoph Pieber, Thomas R. |
author_sort | Bashir, Mina |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: Vitamin D is well known for its effects on bone mineralisation but has also been attributed immunomodulatory properties. It positively influences human health, but in vivo data describing vitamin D effects on the human gut microbiome are missing. We aimed to investigate the effects of oral vitamin D(3) supplementation on the human mucosa-associated and stool microbiome as well as CD8(+) T cells in healthy volunteers. METHODS: This was an interventional, open-label, pilot study. Sixteen healthy volunteers (7 females, 9 males) were endoscopically examined to access a total of 7 sites. We sampled stomach, small bowel, colon, and stools before and after 8 weeks of vitamin D(3) supplementation. Bacterial composition was assessed by pyrosequencing the 16S rRNA gene (V1–2), and CD8(+) T cell counts were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Vitamin D(3) supplementation changed the gut microbiome in the upper GI tract (gastric corpus, antrum, and duodenum). We found a decreased relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria including Pseudomonas spp. and Escherichia/Shigella spp. and increased bacterial richness. No major changes occurred in the terminal ileum, appendiceal orifice, ascending colon, and sigmoid colon or in stools, but the CD8(+) T cell fraction was significantly increased in the terminal ileum. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D(3) modulates the gut microbiome of the upper GI tract which might explain its positive influence on gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease or bacterial infections. The local effects of vitamin D demonstrate pronounced regional differences in the response of the GI microbiome to external factors, which should be considered in future studies investigating the human microbiome. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-015-0966-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4875045 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48750452016-06-21 Effects of high doses of vitamin D(3) on mucosa-associated gut microbiome vary between regions of the human gastrointestinal tract Bashir, Mina Prietl, Barbara Tauschmann, Martin Mautner, Selma I. Kump, Patrizia K. Treiber, Gerlies Wurm, Philipp Gorkiewicz, Gregor Högenauer, Christoph Pieber, Thomas R. Eur J Nutr Original Contribution PURPOSE: Vitamin D is well known for its effects on bone mineralisation but has also been attributed immunomodulatory properties. It positively influences human health, but in vivo data describing vitamin D effects on the human gut microbiome are missing. We aimed to investigate the effects of oral vitamin D(3) supplementation on the human mucosa-associated and stool microbiome as well as CD8(+) T cells in healthy volunteers. METHODS: This was an interventional, open-label, pilot study. Sixteen healthy volunteers (7 females, 9 males) were endoscopically examined to access a total of 7 sites. We sampled stomach, small bowel, colon, and stools before and after 8 weeks of vitamin D(3) supplementation. Bacterial composition was assessed by pyrosequencing the 16S rRNA gene (V1–2), and CD8(+) T cell counts were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Vitamin D(3) supplementation changed the gut microbiome in the upper GI tract (gastric corpus, antrum, and duodenum). We found a decreased relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria including Pseudomonas spp. and Escherichia/Shigella spp. and increased bacterial richness. No major changes occurred in the terminal ileum, appendiceal orifice, ascending colon, and sigmoid colon or in stools, but the CD8(+) T cell fraction was significantly increased in the terminal ileum. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D(3) modulates the gut microbiome of the upper GI tract which might explain its positive influence on gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease or bacterial infections. The local effects of vitamin D demonstrate pronounced regional differences in the response of the GI microbiome to external factors, which should be considered in future studies investigating the human microbiome. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-015-0966-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2015-07-01 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC4875045/ /pubmed/26130323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0966-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Original Contribution Bashir, Mina Prietl, Barbara Tauschmann, Martin Mautner, Selma I. Kump, Patrizia K. Treiber, Gerlies Wurm, Philipp Gorkiewicz, Gregor Högenauer, Christoph Pieber, Thomas R. Effects of high doses of vitamin D(3) on mucosa-associated gut microbiome vary between regions of the human gastrointestinal tract |
title | Effects of high doses of vitamin D(3) on mucosa-associated gut microbiome vary between regions of the human gastrointestinal tract |
title_full | Effects of high doses of vitamin D(3) on mucosa-associated gut microbiome vary between regions of the human gastrointestinal tract |
title_fullStr | Effects of high doses of vitamin D(3) on mucosa-associated gut microbiome vary between regions of the human gastrointestinal tract |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of high doses of vitamin D(3) on mucosa-associated gut microbiome vary between regions of the human gastrointestinal tract |
title_short | Effects of high doses of vitamin D(3) on mucosa-associated gut microbiome vary between regions of the human gastrointestinal tract |
title_sort | effects of high doses of vitamin d(3) on mucosa-associated gut microbiome vary between regions of the human gastrointestinal tract |
topic | Original Contribution |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4875045/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26130323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0966-2 |
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