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New Insights Into Gestational Glucose Metabolism: Lessons Learned From 21st Century Approaches

Pregnancy presents a unique physiological challenge that requires changes coordinated by placentally and non–placentally derived hormones to prepare the mother for the metabolic stress presented by fetal development and to ensure appropriate nutrient allocation between mother and fetus. Of particula...

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Autores principales: Angueira, Anthony R., Ludvik, Anton E., Reddy, Timothy E., Wicksteed, Barton, Lowe, William L., Layden, Brian T.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Diabetes Association 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4876793/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25614666
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db14-0877
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author Angueira, Anthony R.
Ludvik, Anton E.
Reddy, Timothy E.
Wicksteed, Barton
Lowe, William L.
Layden, Brian T.
author_facet Angueira, Anthony R.
Ludvik, Anton E.
Reddy, Timothy E.
Wicksteed, Barton
Lowe, William L.
Layden, Brian T.
author_sort Angueira, Anthony R.
collection PubMed
description Pregnancy presents a unique physiological challenge that requires changes coordinated by placentally and non–placentally derived hormones to prepare the mother for the metabolic stress presented by fetal development and to ensure appropriate nutrient allocation between mother and fetus. Of particular importance is the maintenance of normal glucose metabolism during pregnancy. Here, we describe physiological changes in glucose metabolism during pregnancy and highlight new insights into these adaptations that have emerged over the past decade using novel methodologies, specifically genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and metabolomics. While GWAS have identified some novel associations with metabolic traits during pregnancy, the majority of the findings overlap with those observed in nonpregnant populations and individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Metabolomics studies have provided new insight into key metabolites involved in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Both of these approaches have suggested that a strong link exists between GDM and T2D. Most recently, a role of the gut microbiome in pregnancy has been observed, with changes in the microbiome during the third trimester having metabolic consequences for the mother. In this Perspectives in Diabetes article, we highlight how these new data have broadened our understanding of gestational metabolism, and emphasize the importance of future studies to elucidate differences between GDM and T2D.
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spelling pubmed-48767932016-06-10 New Insights Into Gestational Glucose Metabolism: Lessons Learned From 21st Century Approaches Angueira, Anthony R. Ludvik, Anton E. Reddy, Timothy E. Wicksteed, Barton Lowe, William L. Layden, Brian T. Diabetes Perspectives in Diabetes Pregnancy presents a unique physiological challenge that requires changes coordinated by placentally and non–placentally derived hormones to prepare the mother for the metabolic stress presented by fetal development and to ensure appropriate nutrient allocation between mother and fetus. Of particular importance is the maintenance of normal glucose metabolism during pregnancy. Here, we describe physiological changes in glucose metabolism during pregnancy and highlight new insights into these adaptations that have emerged over the past decade using novel methodologies, specifically genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and metabolomics. While GWAS have identified some novel associations with metabolic traits during pregnancy, the majority of the findings overlap with those observed in nonpregnant populations and individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Metabolomics studies have provided new insight into key metabolites involved in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Both of these approaches have suggested that a strong link exists between GDM and T2D. Most recently, a role of the gut microbiome in pregnancy has been observed, with changes in the microbiome during the third trimester having metabolic consequences for the mother. In this Perspectives in Diabetes article, we highlight how these new data have broadened our understanding of gestational metabolism, and emphasize the importance of future studies to elucidate differences between GDM and T2D. American Diabetes Association 2015-02 2015-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC4876793/ /pubmed/25614666 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db14-0877 Text en © 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.
spellingShingle Perspectives in Diabetes
Angueira, Anthony R.
Ludvik, Anton E.
Reddy, Timothy E.
Wicksteed, Barton
Lowe, William L.
Layden, Brian T.
New Insights Into Gestational Glucose Metabolism: Lessons Learned From 21st Century Approaches
title New Insights Into Gestational Glucose Metabolism: Lessons Learned From 21st Century Approaches
title_full New Insights Into Gestational Glucose Metabolism: Lessons Learned From 21st Century Approaches
title_fullStr New Insights Into Gestational Glucose Metabolism: Lessons Learned From 21st Century Approaches
title_full_unstemmed New Insights Into Gestational Glucose Metabolism: Lessons Learned From 21st Century Approaches
title_short New Insights Into Gestational Glucose Metabolism: Lessons Learned From 21st Century Approaches
title_sort new insights into gestational glucose metabolism: lessons learned from 21st century approaches
topic Perspectives in Diabetes
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4876793/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25614666
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db14-0877
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