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Refractive Errors in Koreans: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012
PURPOSE: Our study provides epidemiologic data on the prevalence of refractive errors in all age group ≥5 years in Korea. METHODS: In 2008 to 2012, a total of 33,355 participants aged ≥5 years underwent ophthalmologic examinations. Using the right eye, myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (S...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Korean Ophthalmological Society
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4878982/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27247521 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2016.30.3.214 |
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author | Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek Kim, Seung-Hyun Lim, Key Hwan Choi, Moonjung Kim, Hye Young Baek, Seung-Hee |
author_facet | Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek Kim, Seung-Hyun Lim, Key Hwan Choi, Moonjung Kim, Hye Young Baek, Seung-Hee |
author_sort | Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: Our study provides epidemiologic data on the prevalence of refractive errors in all age group ≥5 years in Korea. METHODS: In 2008 to 2012, a total of 33,355 participants aged ≥5 years underwent ophthalmologic examinations. Using the right eye, myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) less than -0.5 or -1.0 diopters (D) in subjects aged 19 years and older or as an SE less than -0.75 or -1.25 D in subjects aged 5 to 18 years according to non-cycloplegic refraction. Other refractive errors were defined as follows: high myopia as an SE less than -6.0 D; hyperopia as an SE larger than +0.5 D; and astigmatism as a cylindrical error less than -1.0 D. The prevalence and risk factors of myopia were evaluated. RESULTS: Prevalence rates with a 95% confidence interval were determined for myopia (SE <-0.5 D, 51.9% [51.2 to 52.7]; SE <-1.0 D, 39.6% [38.8 to 40.3]), high myopia (5.0% [4.7 to 5.3]), hyperopia (13.4% [12.9 to 13.9]), and astigmatism (31.2% [30.5 to 32.0]). The prevalence of myopia demonstrated a nonlinear distribution with the highest peak between the ages of 19 and 29 years. The prevalence of hyperopia decreased with age in subjects aged 39 years or younger and then increased with age in subjects aged 40 years or older. The prevalence of astigmatism gradually increased with age. Education was associated with all refractive errors; myopia was more prevalent and hyperopia and astigmatism were less prevalent in the highly educated groups. CONCLUSIONS: In young generations, the prevalence of myopia in Korea was much higher compared to the white or black populations in Western countries and is consistent with the high prevalence found in most other Asian countries. The overall prevalence of hyperopia was much lower compared to that of the white Western population. Age and education level were significant predictive factors associated with all kinds of refractive errors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4878982 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | The Korean Ophthalmological Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48789822016-06-01 Refractive Errors in Koreans: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012 Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek Kim, Seung-Hyun Lim, Key Hwan Choi, Moonjung Kim, Hye Young Baek, Seung-Hee Korean J Ophthalmol Original Article PURPOSE: Our study provides epidemiologic data on the prevalence of refractive errors in all age group ≥5 years in Korea. METHODS: In 2008 to 2012, a total of 33,355 participants aged ≥5 years underwent ophthalmologic examinations. Using the right eye, myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) less than -0.5 or -1.0 diopters (D) in subjects aged 19 years and older or as an SE less than -0.75 or -1.25 D in subjects aged 5 to 18 years according to non-cycloplegic refraction. Other refractive errors were defined as follows: high myopia as an SE less than -6.0 D; hyperopia as an SE larger than +0.5 D; and astigmatism as a cylindrical error less than -1.0 D. The prevalence and risk factors of myopia were evaluated. RESULTS: Prevalence rates with a 95% confidence interval were determined for myopia (SE <-0.5 D, 51.9% [51.2 to 52.7]; SE <-1.0 D, 39.6% [38.8 to 40.3]), high myopia (5.0% [4.7 to 5.3]), hyperopia (13.4% [12.9 to 13.9]), and astigmatism (31.2% [30.5 to 32.0]). The prevalence of myopia demonstrated a nonlinear distribution with the highest peak between the ages of 19 and 29 years. The prevalence of hyperopia decreased with age in subjects aged 39 years or younger and then increased with age in subjects aged 40 years or older. The prevalence of astigmatism gradually increased with age. Education was associated with all refractive errors; myopia was more prevalent and hyperopia and astigmatism were less prevalent in the highly educated groups. CONCLUSIONS: In young generations, the prevalence of myopia in Korea was much higher compared to the white or black populations in Western countries and is consistent with the high prevalence found in most other Asian countries. The overall prevalence of hyperopia was much lower compared to that of the white Western population. Age and education level were significant predictive factors associated with all kinds of refractive errors. The Korean Ophthalmological Society 2016-06 2016-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4878982/ /pubmed/27247521 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2016.30.3.214 Text en © 2016 The Korean Ophthalmological Society http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek Kim, Seung-Hyun Lim, Key Hwan Choi, Moonjung Kim, Hye Young Baek, Seung-Hee Refractive Errors in Koreans: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012 |
title | Refractive Errors in Koreans: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012 |
title_full | Refractive Errors in Koreans: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012 |
title_fullStr | Refractive Errors in Koreans: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012 |
title_full_unstemmed | Refractive Errors in Koreans: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012 |
title_short | Refractive Errors in Koreans: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012 |
title_sort | refractive errors in koreans: the korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2008-2012 |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4878982/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27247521 http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2016.30.3.214 |
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