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Combined Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Copepod Abundance, Body Size and Fatty Acid Content
Concerns about increasing atmospheric CO(2) concentrations and global warming have initiated studies on the consequences of multiple-stressor interactions on marine organisms and ecosystems. We present a fully-crossed factorial mesocosm study and assess how warming and acidification affect the abund...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4880321/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27224476 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155952 |
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author | Garzke, Jessica Hansen, Thomas Ismar, Stefanie M. H. Sommer, Ulrich |
author_facet | Garzke, Jessica Hansen, Thomas Ismar, Stefanie M. H. Sommer, Ulrich |
author_sort | Garzke, Jessica |
collection | PubMed |
description | Concerns about increasing atmospheric CO(2) concentrations and global warming have initiated studies on the consequences of multiple-stressor interactions on marine organisms and ecosystems. We present a fully-crossed factorial mesocosm study and assess how warming and acidification affect the abundance, body size, and fatty acid composition of copepods as a measure of nutritional quality. The experimental set-up allowed us to determine whether the effects of warming and acidification act additively, synergistically, or antagonistically on the abundance, body size, and fatty acid content of copepods, a major group of lower level consumers in marine food webs. Copepodite (developmental stages 1–5) and nauplii abundance were antagonistically affected by warming and acidification. Higher temperature decreased copepodite and nauplii abundance, while acidification partially compensated for the temperature effect. The abundance of adult copepods was negatively affected by warming. The prosome length of copepods was significantly reduced by warming, and the interaction of warming and CO(2) antagonistically affected prosome length. Fatty acid composition was also significantly affected by warming. The content of saturated fatty acids increased, and the ratios of the polyunsaturated essential fatty acids docosahexaenoic- (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) to total fatty acid content increased with higher temperatures. Additionally, here was a significant additive interaction effect of both parameters on arachidonic acid. Our results indicate that in a future ocean scenario, acidification might partially counteract some observed effects of increased temperature on zooplankton, while adding to others. These may be results of a fertilizing effect on phytoplankton as a copepod food source. In summary, copepod populations will be more strongly affected by warming rather than by acidifying oceans, but ocean acidification effects can modify some temperature impacts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4880321 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48803212016-06-09 Combined Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Copepod Abundance, Body Size and Fatty Acid Content Garzke, Jessica Hansen, Thomas Ismar, Stefanie M. H. Sommer, Ulrich PLoS One Research Article Concerns about increasing atmospheric CO(2) concentrations and global warming have initiated studies on the consequences of multiple-stressor interactions on marine organisms and ecosystems. We present a fully-crossed factorial mesocosm study and assess how warming and acidification affect the abundance, body size, and fatty acid composition of copepods as a measure of nutritional quality. The experimental set-up allowed us to determine whether the effects of warming and acidification act additively, synergistically, or antagonistically on the abundance, body size, and fatty acid content of copepods, a major group of lower level consumers in marine food webs. Copepodite (developmental stages 1–5) and nauplii abundance were antagonistically affected by warming and acidification. Higher temperature decreased copepodite and nauplii abundance, while acidification partially compensated for the temperature effect. The abundance of adult copepods was negatively affected by warming. The prosome length of copepods was significantly reduced by warming, and the interaction of warming and CO(2) antagonistically affected prosome length. Fatty acid composition was also significantly affected by warming. The content of saturated fatty acids increased, and the ratios of the polyunsaturated essential fatty acids docosahexaenoic- (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) to total fatty acid content increased with higher temperatures. Additionally, here was a significant additive interaction effect of both parameters on arachidonic acid. Our results indicate that in a future ocean scenario, acidification might partially counteract some observed effects of increased temperature on zooplankton, while adding to others. These may be results of a fertilizing effect on phytoplankton as a copepod food source. In summary, copepod populations will be more strongly affected by warming rather than by acidifying oceans, but ocean acidification effects can modify some temperature impacts. Public Library of Science 2016-05-25 /pmc/articles/PMC4880321/ /pubmed/27224476 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155952 Text en © 2016 Garzke et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Garzke, Jessica Hansen, Thomas Ismar, Stefanie M. H. Sommer, Ulrich Combined Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Copepod Abundance, Body Size and Fatty Acid Content |
title | Combined Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Copepod Abundance, Body Size and Fatty Acid Content |
title_full | Combined Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Copepod Abundance, Body Size and Fatty Acid Content |
title_fullStr | Combined Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Copepod Abundance, Body Size and Fatty Acid Content |
title_full_unstemmed | Combined Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Copepod Abundance, Body Size and Fatty Acid Content |
title_short | Combined Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Copepod Abundance, Body Size and Fatty Acid Content |
title_sort | combined effects of ocean warming and acidification on copepod abundance, body size and fatty acid content |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4880321/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27224476 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155952 |
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