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Effects of carbon nanotubes on intercellular communication and involvement of IL-1 genes
An increasing amount of products containing engineered nanoparticles is emerging. Among these particles are carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which are of interest for a wide range of industrial and biomedical applications. There have been raised concerns over the effects of CNTs on human health. Some types o...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Netherlands
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4882305/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27101311 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12079-016-0323-0 |
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author | Arnoldussen, Yke Jildouw Anmarkrud, Kristine Haugen Skaug, Vidar Apte, Ron N. Haugen, Aage Zienolddiny, Shanbeh |
author_facet | Arnoldussen, Yke Jildouw Anmarkrud, Kristine Haugen Skaug, Vidar Apte, Ron N. Haugen, Aage Zienolddiny, Shanbeh |
author_sort | Arnoldussen, Yke Jildouw |
collection | PubMed |
description | An increasing amount of products containing engineered nanoparticles is emerging. Among these particles are carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which are of interest for a wide range of industrial and biomedical applications. There have been raised concerns over the effects of CNTs on human health. Some types of CNTs are classified as group 2B carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. CNTs may also induce pulmonary inflammatory and fibrotic effects. By utilizing CNTs of different lengths, we investigated the role of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1) on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) by using IL-1 wild-type (IL1-WT) and IL-1 knock-out (IL1-KO) cells. GJIC decreased equally in both cell types after CNT exposure. Immunofluorescence staining showed Gja1 and Gjb2 in gap junctions and hemichannels for both cell types. Gjb1 and Gjb2 expression was low in IL1-KO cells, which was confirmed by protein analysis. Gja1 was upregulated with both CNTs, whereas Gjb1 was down-regulated by CNT-2 in IL1-WT cells. Connexin mRNA expression was regulated differently by the CNTs. CNT-1 affected Gja1 and Gjb2, whereas CNT-2 had an effect on Gjb1. CNTs negatively affect GJIC through gap junctions independently of the length of CNT and IL-1 status. Furthermore, connexin gene expression was affected by IL-1 at transcriptional and translational levels. As both CNTs used in this study are cytotoxic to the cells and reduce cell survival, we suggest that CNT-induced reduction in GJIC may be important for inhibiting transfer of cell survival signals between cells. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12079-016-0323-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4882305 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Springer Netherlands |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48823052016-06-13 Effects of carbon nanotubes on intercellular communication and involvement of IL-1 genes Arnoldussen, Yke Jildouw Anmarkrud, Kristine Haugen Skaug, Vidar Apte, Ron N. Haugen, Aage Zienolddiny, Shanbeh J Cell Commun Signal Research Article An increasing amount of products containing engineered nanoparticles is emerging. Among these particles are carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which are of interest for a wide range of industrial and biomedical applications. There have been raised concerns over the effects of CNTs on human health. Some types of CNTs are classified as group 2B carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. CNTs may also induce pulmonary inflammatory and fibrotic effects. By utilizing CNTs of different lengths, we investigated the role of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1) on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) by using IL-1 wild-type (IL1-WT) and IL-1 knock-out (IL1-KO) cells. GJIC decreased equally in both cell types after CNT exposure. Immunofluorescence staining showed Gja1 and Gjb2 in gap junctions and hemichannels for both cell types. Gjb1 and Gjb2 expression was low in IL1-KO cells, which was confirmed by protein analysis. Gja1 was upregulated with both CNTs, whereas Gjb1 was down-regulated by CNT-2 in IL1-WT cells. Connexin mRNA expression was regulated differently by the CNTs. CNT-1 affected Gja1 and Gjb2, whereas CNT-2 had an effect on Gjb1. CNTs negatively affect GJIC through gap junctions independently of the length of CNT and IL-1 status. Furthermore, connexin gene expression was affected by IL-1 at transcriptional and translational levels. As both CNTs used in this study are cytotoxic to the cells and reduce cell survival, we suggest that CNT-induced reduction in GJIC may be important for inhibiting transfer of cell survival signals between cells. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12079-016-0323-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer Netherlands 2016-04-21 2016-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4882305/ /pubmed/27101311 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12079-016-0323-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Arnoldussen, Yke Jildouw Anmarkrud, Kristine Haugen Skaug, Vidar Apte, Ron N. Haugen, Aage Zienolddiny, Shanbeh Effects of carbon nanotubes on intercellular communication and involvement of IL-1 genes |
title | Effects of carbon nanotubes on intercellular communication and involvement of IL-1 genes |
title_full | Effects of carbon nanotubes on intercellular communication and involvement of IL-1 genes |
title_fullStr | Effects of carbon nanotubes on intercellular communication and involvement of IL-1 genes |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of carbon nanotubes on intercellular communication and involvement of IL-1 genes |
title_short | Effects of carbon nanotubes on intercellular communication and involvement of IL-1 genes |
title_sort | effects of carbon nanotubes on intercellular communication and involvement of il-1 genes |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4882305/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27101311 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12079-016-0323-0 |
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