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Determination of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris: Direct Analysis by Electronic Nose
Arsonists usually use an accelerant in order to start or accelerate a fire. The most widely used analytical method to determine the presence of such accelerants consists of a pre-concentration step of the ignitable liquid residues followed by chromatographic analysis. A rapid analytical method based...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4883386/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27187407 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16050695 |
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author | Ferreiro-González, Marta Barbero, Gerardo F. Palma, Miguel Ayuso, Jesús Álvarez, José A. Barroso, Carmelo G. |
author_facet | Ferreiro-González, Marta Barbero, Gerardo F. Palma, Miguel Ayuso, Jesús Álvarez, José A. Barroso, Carmelo G. |
author_sort | Ferreiro-González, Marta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Arsonists usually use an accelerant in order to start or accelerate a fire. The most widely used analytical method to determine the presence of such accelerants consists of a pre-concentration step of the ignitable liquid residues followed by chromatographic analysis. A rapid analytical method based on headspace-mass spectrometry electronic nose (E-Nose) has been developed for the analysis of Ignitable Liquid Residues (ILRs). The working conditions for the E-Nose analytical procedure were optimized by studying different fire debris samples. The optimized experimental variables were related to headspace generation, specifically, incubation temperature and incubation time. The optimal conditions were 115 °C and 10 min for these two parameters. Chemometric tools such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied to the MS data (45–200 m/z) to establish the most suitable spectroscopic signals for the discrimination of several ignitable liquids. The optimized method was applied to a set of fire debris samples. In order to simulate post-burn samples several ignitable liquids (gasoline, diesel, citronella, kerosene, paraffin) were used to ignite different substrates (wood, cotton, cork, paper and paperboard). A full discrimination was obtained on using discriminant analysis. This method reported here can be considered as a green technique for fire debris analyses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4883386 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48833862016-05-27 Determination of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris: Direct Analysis by Electronic Nose Ferreiro-González, Marta Barbero, Gerardo F. Palma, Miguel Ayuso, Jesús Álvarez, José A. Barroso, Carmelo G. Sensors (Basel) Article Arsonists usually use an accelerant in order to start or accelerate a fire. The most widely used analytical method to determine the presence of such accelerants consists of a pre-concentration step of the ignitable liquid residues followed by chromatographic analysis. A rapid analytical method based on headspace-mass spectrometry electronic nose (E-Nose) has been developed for the analysis of Ignitable Liquid Residues (ILRs). The working conditions for the E-Nose analytical procedure were optimized by studying different fire debris samples. The optimized experimental variables were related to headspace generation, specifically, incubation temperature and incubation time. The optimal conditions were 115 °C and 10 min for these two parameters. Chemometric tools such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied to the MS data (45–200 m/z) to establish the most suitable spectroscopic signals for the discrimination of several ignitable liquids. The optimized method was applied to a set of fire debris samples. In order to simulate post-burn samples several ignitable liquids (gasoline, diesel, citronella, kerosene, paraffin) were used to ignite different substrates (wood, cotton, cork, paper and paperboard). A full discrimination was obtained on using discriminant analysis. This method reported here can be considered as a green technique for fire debris analyses. MDPI 2016-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC4883386/ /pubmed/27187407 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16050695 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ferreiro-González, Marta Barbero, Gerardo F. Palma, Miguel Ayuso, Jesús Álvarez, José A. Barroso, Carmelo G. Determination of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris: Direct Analysis by Electronic Nose |
title | Determination of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris: Direct Analysis by Electronic Nose |
title_full | Determination of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris: Direct Analysis by Electronic Nose |
title_fullStr | Determination of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris: Direct Analysis by Electronic Nose |
title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris: Direct Analysis by Electronic Nose |
title_short | Determination of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris: Direct Analysis by Electronic Nose |
title_sort | determination of ignitable liquids in fire debris: direct analysis by electronic nose |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4883386/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27187407 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16050695 |
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