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An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum
Ixodid ticks are well known for spreading transmitted tick-borne pathogens while being attached to their hosts for almost 1–2 weeks to obtain blood meals. Thus, they must secrete many immunosuppressant factors to combat the hosts’ immune system. In the present work, we investigated an immunosuppress...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4885048/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27153086 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8050133 |
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author | Tian, Yufeng Chen, Wenlin Mo, Guoxiang Chen, Ran Fang, Mingqian Yedid, Gabriel Yan, Xiuwen |
author_facet | Tian, Yufeng Chen, Wenlin Mo, Guoxiang Chen, Ran Fang, Mingqian Yedid, Gabriel Yan, Xiuwen |
author_sort | Tian, Yufeng |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ixodid ticks are well known for spreading transmitted tick-borne pathogens while being attached to their hosts for almost 1–2 weeks to obtain blood meals. Thus, they must secrete many immunosuppressant factors to combat the hosts’ immune system. In the present work, we investigated an immunosuppressant peptide of the hard tick Amblyomma variegatum. This peptide, named amregulin, is composed of 40 residues with an amino acid sequence of HLHMHGNGATQVFKPRLVLKCPNAAQLIQPGKLQRQLLLQ. A cDNA of the precursor peptide was obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, Bethesda, MD, USA). In rat splenocytes, amregulin exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors in vitro, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). In rat splenocytes, treated with amregulin, compared to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone, the inhibition of the above inflammatory factors was significant at all tested concentrations (2, 4 and 8 µg/mL). Amregulin shows strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities (5, 10 and 20 µg/mL) in vitro. Amregulin also significantly inhibits adjuvant-induced paw inflammation in mouse models in vivo. This peptide may facilitate the ticks’ successful blood feeding and may lead to host immunotolerance of the tick. These findings have important implications for the understanding of tick-host interactions and the co-evolution between ticks and the viruses that they bear. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4885048 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48850482016-05-31 An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum Tian, Yufeng Chen, Wenlin Mo, Guoxiang Chen, Ran Fang, Mingqian Yedid, Gabriel Yan, Xiuwen Toxins (Basel) Article Ixodid ticks are well known for spreading transmitted tick-borne pathogens while being attached to their hosts for almost 1–2 weeks to obtain blood meals. Thus, they must secrete many immunosuppressant factors to combat the hosts’ immune system. In the present work, we investigated an immunosuppressant peptide of the hard tick Amblyomma variegatum. This peptide, named amregulin, is composed of 40 residues with an amino acid sequence of HLHMHGNGATQVFKPRLVLKCPNAAQLIQPGKLQRQLLLQ. A cDNA of the precursor peptide was obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, Bethesda, MD, USA). In rat splenocytes, amregulin exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors in vitro, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). In rat splenocytes, treated with amregulin, compared to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone, the inhibition of the above inflammatory factors was significant at all tested concentrations (2, 4 and 8 µg/mL). Amregulin shows strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities (5, 10 and 20 µg/mL) in vitro. Amregulin also significantly inhibits adjuvant-induced paw inflammation in mouse models in vivo. This peptide may facilitate the ticks’ successful blood feeding and may lead to host immunotolerance of the tick. These findings have important implications for the understanding of tick-host interactions and the co-evolution between ticks and the viruses that they bear. MDPI 2016-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4885048/ /pubmed/27153086 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8050133 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Tian, Yufeng Chen, Wenlin Mo, Guoxiang Chen, Ran Fang, Mingqian Yedid, Gabriel Yan, Xiuwen An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum |
title | An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum |
title_full | An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum |
title_fullStr | An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum |
title_full_unstemmed | An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum |
title_short | An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum |
title_sort | immunosuppressant peptide from the hard tick amblyomma variegatum |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4885048/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27153086 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8050133 |
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