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An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum

Ixodid ticks are well known for spreading transmitted tick-borne pathogens while being attached to their hosts for almost 1–2 weeks to obtain blood meals. Thus, they must secrete many immunosuppressant factors to combat the hosts’ immune system. In the present work, we investigated an immunosuppress...

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Autores principales: Tian, Yufeng, Chen, Wenlin, Mo, Guoxiang, Chen, Ran, Fang, Mingqian, Yedid, Gabriel, Yan, Xiuwen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4885048/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27153086
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8050133
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author Tian, Yufeng
Chen, Wenlin
Mo, Guoxiang
Chen, Ran
Fang, Mingqian
Yedid, Gabriel
Yan, Xiuwen
author_facet Tian, Yufeng
Chen, Wenlin
Mo, Guoxiang
Chen, Ran
Fang, Mingqian
Yedid, Gabriel
Yan, Xiuwen
author_sort Tian, Yufeng
collection PubMed
description Ixodid ticks are well known for spreading transmitted tick-borne pathogens while being attached to their hosts for almost 1–2 weeks to obtain blood meals. Thus, they must secrete many immunosuppressant factors to combat the hosts’ immune system. In the present work, we investigated an immunosuppressant peptide of the hard tick Amblyomma variegatum. This peptide, named amregulin, is composed of 40 residues with an amino acid sequence of HLHMHGNGATQVFKPRLVLKCPNAAQLIQPGKLQRQLLLQ. A cDNA of the precursor peptide was obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, Bethesda, MD, USA). In rat splenocytes, amregulin exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors in vitro, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). In rat splenocytes, treated with amregulin, compared to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone, the inhibition of the above inflammatory factors was significant at all tested concentrations (2, 4 and 8 µg/mL). Amregulin shows strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities (5, 10 and 20 µg/mL) in vitro. Amregulin also significantly inhibits adjuvant-induced paw inflammation in mouse models in vivo. This peptide may facilitate the ticks’ successful blood feeding and may lead to host immunotolerance of the tick. These findings have important implications for the understanding of tick-host interactions and the co-evolution between ticks and the viruses that they bear.
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spelling pubmed-48850482016-05-31 An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum Tian, Yufeng Chen, Wenlin Mo, Guoxiang Chen, Ran Fang, Mingqian Yedid, Gabriel Yan, Xiuwen Toxins (Basel) Article Ixodid ticks are well known for spreading transmitted tick-borne pathogens while being attached to their hosts for almost 1–2 weeks to obtain blood meals. Thus, they must secrete many immunosuppressant factors to combat the hosts’ immune system. In the present work, we investigated an immunosuppressant peptide of the hard tick Amblyomma variegatum. This peptide, named amregulin, is composed of 40 residues with an amino acid sequence of HLHMHGNGATQVFKPRLVLKCPNAAQLIQPGKLQRQLLLQ. A cDNA of the precursor peptide was obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, Bethesda, MD, USA). In rat splenocytes, amregulin exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors in vitro, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). In rat splenocytes, treated with amregulin, compared to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone, the inhibition of the above inflammatory factors was significant at all tested concentrations (2, 4 and 8 µg/mL). Amregulin shows strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities (5, 10 and 20 µg/mL) in vitro. Amregulin also significantly inhibits adjuvant-induced paw inflammation in mouse models in vivo. This peptide may facilitate the ticks’ successful blood feeding and may lead to host immunotolerance of the tick. These findings have important implications for the understanding of tick-host interactions and the co-evolution between ticks and the viruses that they bear. MDPI 2016-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4885048/ /pubmed/27153086 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8050133 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Tian, Yufeng
Chen, Wenlin
Mo, Guoxiang
Chen, Ran
Fang, Mingqian
Yedid, Gabriel
Yan, Xiuwen
An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum
title An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum
title_full An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum
title_fullStr An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum
title_full_unstemmed An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum
title_short An Immunosuppressant Peptide from the Hard Tick Amblyomma variegatum
title_sort immunosuppressant peptide from the hard tick amblyomma variegatum
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4885048/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27153086
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8050133
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