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Personality disorders and Axis I comorbidity in adolescent outpatients with ADHD
BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a lifelong condition which carries great cost to society and has an extensive comorbidity. It has been assumed that ADHD is 2 to 5 times more frequent in boys than in girls. Several studies have suggested developmental trajectories that...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4888410/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27245754 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0871-0 |
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author | Korsgaard, Hans Ole Torgersen, Svenn Wentzel-Larsen, Tore Ulberg, Randi |
author_facet | Korsgaard, Hans Ole Torgersen, Svenn Wentzel-Larsen, Tore Ulberg, Randi |
author_sort | Korsgaard, Hans Ole |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a lifelong condition which carries great cost to society and has an extensive comorbidity. It has been assumed that ADHD is 2 to 5 times more frequent in boys than in girls. Several studies have suggested developmental trajectories that link ADHD and certain personality disorders. The present study investigated the prevalence of ADHD, common Axis I disorders, and their gender differences in a sample of adolescent outpatients. We also wanted to investigate the relationship between ADHD and personality disorders (PDs), as well as how this relationship was influenced by adjustment for Axis I disorders, age and gender. METHODS: We used a sample consisting of 153 adolescents, aged 14 to 17 years, who were referred to a non-specialized mental health outpatient clinic with a defined catchment area. ADHD, conduct disorder (CD) and other Axis I conditions were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). PDs were assessed using the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV). RESULTS: 13.7 % of the adolescents met diagnostic criteria for ADHD, with no significant gender difference. 21.6 % had at least one PD, 17.6 % had CD, and 4.6 % had both ADHD and a PD. There was a significantly elevated number of PD symptoms in adolescents with an ADHD diagnosis (p = 0.001), and this relationship was not significantly weakened when adjusted for age, gender and other Axis I disorders (p = 0.026). Antisocial (χ(2) = 21.18, p = 0.002) and borderline (χ(2) = 6.15, p = 0.042) PDs were significantly more frequent in girls than in boys with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant gender difference in the prevalence of ADHD in a sample of adolescents referred to a general mental health outpatient clinic. Adolescent girls with ADHD had more PDs than boys, with antisocial and borderline PDs significantly different. The present study suggests that ADHD in girls in a general outpatient population may be more prevalent than previously assumed. It especially highlights the importance of assessing antisocial and borderline personality pathology in adolescent girls presenting with ADHD symptoms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4888410 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48884102016-06-02 Personality disorders and Axis I comorbidity in adolescent outpatients with ADHD Korsgaard, Hans Ole Torgersen, Svenn Wentzel-Larsen, Tore Ulberg, Randi BMC Psychiatry Research Article BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a lifelong condition which carries great cost to society and has an extensive comorbidity. It has been assumed that ADHD is 2 to 5 times more frequent in boys than in girls. Several studies have suggested developmental trajectories that link ADHD and certain personality disorders. The present study investigated the prevalence of ADHD, common Axis I disorders, and their gender differences in a sample of adolescent outpatients. We also wanted to investigate the relationship between ADHD and personality disorders (PDs), as well as how this relationship was influenced by adjustment for Axis I disorders, age and gender. METHODS: We used a sample consisting of 153 adolescents, aged 14 to 17 years, who were referred to a non-specialized mental health outpatient clinic with a defined catchment area. ADHD, conduct disorder (CD) and other Axis I conditions were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). PDs were assessed using the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV). RESULTS: 13.7 % of the adolescents met diagnostic criteria for ADHD, with no significant gender difference. 21.6 % had at least one PD, 17.6 % had CD, and 4.6 % had both ADHD and a PD. There was a significantly elevated number of PD symptoms in adolescents with an ADHD diagnosis (p = 0.001), and this relationship was not significantly weakened when adjusted for age, gender and other Axis I disorders (p = 0.026). Antisocial (χ(2) = 21.18, p = 0.002) and borderline (χ(2) = 6.15, p = 0.042) PDs were significantly more frequent in girls than in boys with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant gender difference in the prevalence of ADHD in a sample of adolescents referred to a general mental health outpatient clinic. Adolescent girls with ADHD had more PDs than boys, with antisocial and borderline PDs significantly different. The present study suggests that ADHD in girls in a general outpatient population may be more prevalent than previously assumed. It especially highlights the importance of assessing antisocial and borderline personality pathology in adolescent girls presenting with ADHD symptoms. BioMed Central 2016-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4888410/ /pubmed/27245754 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0871-0 Text en © Korsgaard et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Korsgaard, Hans Ole Torgersen, Svenn Wentzel-Larsen, Tore Ulberg, Randi Personality disorders and Axis I comorbidity in adolescent outpatients with ADHD |
title | Personality disorders and Axis I comorbidity in adolescent outpatients with ADHD |
title_full | Personality disorders and Axis I comorbidity in adolescent outpatients with ADHD |
title_fullStr | Personality disorders and Axis I comorbidity in adolescent outpatients with ADHD |
title_full_unstemmed | Personality disorders and Axis I comorbidity in adolescent outpatients with ADHD |
title_short | Personality disorders and Axis I comorbidity in adolescent outpatients with ADHD |
title_sort | personality disorders and axis i comorbidity in adolescent outpatients with adhd |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4888410/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27245754 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0871-0 |
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