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Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Vascular Physiology and Diseases

The family of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) has significant importance in various physiological mechanisms and is also involved in many pathological processes. Three NOS isoforms have been identified: neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS 1), endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS 3), and an inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS 2)....

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Autores principales: Costa, Eduardo D., Rezende, Bruno A., Cortes, Steyner F., Lemos, Virginia S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4889596/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27313545
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00206
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author Costa, Eduardo D.
Rezende, Bruno A.
Cortes, Steyner F.
Lemos, Virginia S.
author_facet Costa, Eduardo D.
Rezende, Bruno A.
Cortes, Steyner F.
Lemos, Virginia S.
author_sort Costa, Eduardo D.
collection PubMed
description The family of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) has significant importance in various physiological mechanisms and is also involved in many pathological processes. Three NOS isoforms have been identified: neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS 1), endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS 3), and an inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS 2). Both nNOS and eNOS are constitutively expressed. Classically, eNOS is considered the main isoform involved in the control of the vascular function. However, more recent studies have shown that nNOS is present in the vascular endothelium and importantly contributes to the maintenance of the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. In physiological conditions, besides nitric oxide (NO), nNOS also produces hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and superoxide ([Formula: see text]) considered as key mediators in non-neuronal cells signaling. This mini-review highlights recent scientific releases on the role of nNOS in vascular homeostasis and cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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spelling pubmed-48895962016-06-16 Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Vascular Physiology and Diseases Costa, Eduardo D. Rezende, Bruno A. Cortes, Steyner F. Lemos, Virginia S. Front Physiol Physiology The family of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) has significant importance in various physiological mechanisms and is also involved in many pathological processes. Three NOS isoforms have been identified: neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS 1), endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS 3), and an inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS 2). Both nNOS and eNOS are constitutively expressed. Classically, eNOS is considered the main isoform involved in the control of the vascular function. However, more recent studies have shown that nNOS is present in the vascular endothelium and importantly contributes to the maintenance of the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. In physiological conditions, besides nitric oxide (NO), nNOS also produces hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and superoxide ([Formula: see text]) considered as key mediators in non-neuronal cells signaling. This mini-review highlights recent scientific releases on the role of nNOS in vascular homeostasis and cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC4889596/ /pubmed/27313545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00206 Text en Copyright © 2016 Costa, Rezende, Cortes and Lemos. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Costa, Eduardo D.
Rezende, Bruno A.
Cortes, Steyner F.
Lemos, Virginia S.
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Vascular Physiology and Diseases
title Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Vascular Physiology and Diseases
title_full Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Vascular Physiology and Diseases
title_fullStr Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Vascular Physiology and Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Vascular Physiology and Diseases
title_short Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Vascular Physiology and Diseases
title_sort neuronal nitric oxide synthase in vascular physiology and diseases
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4889596/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27313545
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00206
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