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Neuromechanical response to spinal manipulation therapy: effects of a constant rate of force application

BACKGROUND: Neuromechanical responses to spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) have been shown to be modulated through the variation of SMT biomechanical parameters: peak force, time to peak force, and preload force. Although rate of force application was modulated by the variation of these parameters,...

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Autores principales: Nougarou, François, Pagé, Isabelle, Loranger, Michel, Dugas, Claude, Descarreaux, Martin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4890324/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27249939
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1153-6
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author Nougarou, François
Pagé, Isabelle
Loranger, Michel
Dugas, Claude
Descarreaux, Martin
author_facet Nougarou, François
Pagé, Isabelle
Loranger, Michel
Dugas, Claude
Descarreaux, Martin
author_sort Nougarou, François
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Neuromechanical responses to spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) have been shown to be modulated through the variation of SMT biomechanical parameters: peak force, time to peak force, and preload force. Although rate of force application was modulated by the variation of these parameters, the assumption that neuromuscular responses are modulated by the rate of force application remains to be confirmed. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a constant rate of force application in neuromechanical responses to SMT in healthy adults. METHODS: Four SMT force-time profiles presenting different time to peak force and peak force, but with a constant rate of force application were applied on 25 healthy participants’ T7 transverse processes. Muscular responses were recorded through surface electromyography electrodes (T6 and T8 levels), while vertebral displacements were assessed through pasted kinematic markers on T6 to T8 spinous processes. Effects of SMT force-time profiles on neuromechanical responses were assessed using repeated-measures ANOVAs. RESULTS: There was no main effect of SMT force-time profile modulation on muscular responses (ps > .05) except for the left T8 (F (3, 72) = 3.23, p = .03) and left T6 (F (3, 72) = 2.94, p = .04). Muscular responses were significantly lower for the lowest peak force condition than the highest (for T8) or second highest (for T6). Analysis showed that increasing the SMT peak force (and concomitantly time to peak force) led to a significant vertebral displacement increase for the contacted vertebra (F(T7) (1, 17) = 354.80, p < .001) and both adjacent vertebras (F(T6)(1, 12) = 104.71, p < .001 and F(T8) (1, 19) = 468.68, p < .001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that peak force modulation using constant rate of force application leads to similar neuromuscular responses. Coupled with previous investigations of SMT peak force and duration effects, the results suggest that neuromuscular responses to SMT are mostly influenced by the rate of force application, while peak force modulation yields changes in the vertebral displacement. Rate of force application should therefore be defined in future studies. Clinical implications of various SMT dosages in patients with spine related pain should also be investigated. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02550132. Registered 8 September 2015
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spelling pubmed-48903242016-06-03 Neuromechanical response to spinal manipulation therapy: effects of a constant rate of force application Nougarou, François Pagé, Isabelle Loranger, Michel Dugas, Claude Descarreaux, Martin BMC Complement Altern Med Research Article BACKGROUND: Neuromechanical responses to spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) have been shown to be modulated through the variation of SMT biomechanical parameters: peak force, time to peak force, and preload force. Although rate of force application was modulated by the variation of these parameters, the assumption that neuromuscular responses are modulated by the rate of force application remains to be confirmed. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a constant rate of force application in neuromechanical responses to SMT in healthy adults. METHODS: Four SMT force-time profiles presenting different time to peak force and peak force, but with a constant rate of force application were applied on 25 healthy participants’ T7 transverse processes. Muscular responses were recorded through surface electromyography electrodes (T6 and T8 levels), while vertebral displacements were assessed through pasted kinematic markers on T6 to T8 spinous processes. Effects of SMT force-time profiles on neuromechanical responses were assessed using repeated-measures ANOVAs. RESULTS: There was no main effect of SMT force-time profile modulation on muscular responses (ps > .05) except for the left T8 (F (3, 72) = 3.23, p = .03) and left T6 (F (3, 72) = 2.94, p = .04). Muscular responses were significantly lower for the lowest peak force condition than the highest (for T8) or second highest (for T6). Analysis showed that increasing the SMT peak force (and concomitantly time to peak force) led to a significant vertebral displacement increase for the contacted vertebra (F(T7) (1, 17) = 354.80, p < .001) and both adjacent vertebras (F(T6)(1, 12) = 104.71, p < .001 and F(T8) (1, 19) = 468.68, p < .001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that peak force modulation using constant rate of force application leads to similar neuromuscular responses. Coupled with previous investigations of SMT peak force and duration effects, the results suggest that neuromuscular responses to SMT are mostly influenced by the rate of force application, while peak force modulation yields changes in the vertebral displacement. Rate of force application should therefore be defined in future studies. Clinical implications of various SMT dosages in patients with spine related pain should also be investigated. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02550132. Registered 8 September 2015 BioMed Central 2016-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC4890324/ /pubmed/27249939 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1153-6 Text en © The Author(s). 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Nougarou, François
Pagé, Isabelle
Loranger, Michel
Dugas, Claude
Descarreaux, Martin
Neuromechanical response to spinal manipulation therapy: effects of a constant rate of force application
title Neuromechanical response to spinal manipulation therapy: effects of a constant rate of force application
title_full Neuromechanical response to spinal manipulation therapy: effects of a constant rate of force application
title_fullStr Neuromechanical response to spinal manipulation therapy: effects of a constant rate of force application
title_full_unstemmed Neuromechanical response to spinal manipulation therapy: effects of a constant rate of force application
title_short Neuromechanical response to spinal manipulation therapy: effects of a constant rate of force application
title_sort neuromechanical response to spinal manipulation therapy: effects of a constant rate of force application
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4890324/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27249939
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1153-6
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