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Neurofeedback: A Comprehensive Review on System Design, Methodology and Clinical Applications

Neurofeedback is a kind of biofeedback, which teaches self-control of brain functions to subjects by measuring brain waves and providing a feedback signal. Neurofeedback usually provides the audio and or video feedback. Positive or negative feedback is produced for desirable or undesirable brain act...

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Autores principales: Marzbani, Hengameh, Marateb, Hamid Reza, Mansourian, Marjan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Iranian Neuroscience Society 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4892319/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27303609
http://dx.doi.org/10.15412/J.BCN.03070208
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author Marzbani, Hengameh
Marateb, Hamid Reza
Mansourian, Marjan
author_facet Marzbani, Hengameh
Marateb, Hamid Reza
Mansourian, Marjan
author_sort Marzbani, Hengameh
collection PubMed
description Neurofeedback is a kind of biofeedback, which teaches self-control of brain functions to subjects by measuring brain waves and providing a feedback signal. Neurofeedback usually provides the audio and or video feedback. Positive or negative feedback is produced for desirable or undesirable brain activities, respectively. In this review, we provided clinical and technical information about the following issues: (1) Various neurofeedback treatment protocols i.e. alpha, beta, alpha/theta, delta, gamma, and theta; (2) Different EEG electrode placements i.e. standard recording channels in the frontal, temporal, central, and occipital lobes; (3) Electrode montages (unipolar, bipolar); (4) Types of neurofeedback i.e. frequency, power, slow cortical potential, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and so on; (5) Clinical applications of neurofeedback i.e. treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, depression, epilepsy, insomnia, drug addiction, schizophrenia, learning disabilities, dyslexia and dyscalculia, autistic spectrum disorders and so on as well as other applications such as pain management, and the improvement of musical and athletic performance; and (6) Neurofeedback softwares. To date, many studies have been conducted on the neurofeedback therapy and its effectiveness on the treatment of many diseases. Neurofeedback, like other treatments, has its own pros and cons. Although it is a non-invasive procedure, its validity has been questioned in terms of conclusive scientific evidence. For example, it is expensive, time-consuming and its benefits are not long-lasting. Also, it might take months to show the desired improvements. Nevertheless, neurofeedback is known as a complementary and alternative treatment of many brain dysfunctions. However, current research does not support conclusive results about its efficacy.
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spelling pubmed-48923192016-06-14 Neurofeedback: A Comprehensive Review on System Design, Methodology and Clinical Applications Marzbani, Hengameh Marateb, Hamid Reza Mansourian, Marjan Basic Clin Neurosci Methodological Note Neurofeedback is a kind of biofeedback, which teaches self-control of brain functions to subjects by measuring brain waves and providing a feedback signal. Neurofeedback usually provides the audio and or video feedback. Positive or negative feedback is produced for desirable or undesirable brain activities, respectively. In this review, we provided clinical and technical information about the following issues: (1) Various neurofeedback treatment protocols i.e. alpha, beta, alpha/theta, delta, gamma, and theta; (2) Different EEG electrode placements i.e. standard recording channels in the frontal, temporal, central, and occipital lobes; (3) Electrode montages (unipolar, bipolar); (4) Types of neurofeedback i.e. frequency, power, slow cortical potential, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and so on; (5) Clinical applications of neurofeedback i.e. treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, depression, epilepsy, insomnia, drug addiction, schizophrenia, learning disabilities, dyslexia and dyscalculia, autistic spectrum disorders and so on as well as other applications such as pain management, and the improvement of musical and athletic performance; and (6) Neurofeedback softwares. To date, many studies have been conducted on the neurofeedback therapy and its effectiveness on the treatment of many diseases. Neurofeedback, like other treatments, has its own pros and cons. Although it is a non-invasive procedure, its validity has been questioned in terms of conclusive scientific evidence. For example, it is expensive, time-consuming and its benefits are not long-lasting. Also, it might take months to show the desired improvements. Nevertheless, neurofeedback is known as a complementary and alternative treatment of many brain dysfunctions. However, current research does not support conclusive results about its efficacy. Iranian Neuroscience Society 2016-04 /pmc/articles/PMC4892319/ /pubmed/27303609 http://dx.doi.org/10.15412/J.BCN.03070208 Text en Copyright© 2016 Iranian Neuroscience Society This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.
spellingShingle Methodological Note
Marzbani, Hengameh
Marateb, Hamid Reza
Mansourian, Marjan
Neurofeedback: A Comprehensive Review on System Design, Methodology and Clinical Applications
title Neurofeedback: A Comprehensive Review on System Design, Methodology and Clinical Applications
title_full Neurofeedback: A Comprehensive Review on System Design, Methodology and Clinical Applications
title_fullStr Neurofeedback: A Comprehensive Review on System Design, Methodology and Clinical Applications
title_full_unstemmed Neurofeedback: A Comprehensive Review on System Design, Methodology and Clinical Applications
title_short Neurofeedback: A Comprehensive Review on System Design, Methodology and Clinical Applications
title_sort neurofeedback: a comprehensive review on system design, methodology and clinical applications
topic Methodological Note
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4892319/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27303609
http://dx.doi.org/10.15412/J.BCN.03070208
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