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The regeneration blastema of lizards: an amniote model for the study of appendage replacement
Although amniotes (reptiles, including birds, and mammals) are capable of replacing certain tissues, complete appendage regeneration is rare. Perhaps the most striking example is the lizard tail. Tail loss initiates a spontaneous epimorphic (blastema‐mediated) regenerative program, resulting in a fu...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4895314/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27499867 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/reg2.31 |
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author | Gilbert, E. A. B. Delorme, S. L. Vickaryous, M. K. |
author_facet | Gilbert, E. A. B. Delorme, S. L. Vickaryous, M. K. |
author_sort | Gilbert, E. A. B. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Although amniotes (reptiles, including birds, and mammals) are capable of replacing certain tissues, complete appendage regeneration is rare. Perhaps the most striking example is the lizard tail. Tail loss initiates a spontaneous epimorphic (blastema‐mediated) regenerative program, resulting in a fully functional but structurally non‐identical replacement. Here we review lizard tail regeneration with a particular focus on the blastema. In many lizards, the original tail has evolved a series of fracture planes, anatomical modifications that permit the tail to be self‐detached or autotomized. Following tail loss, the wound site is covered by a specialized wound epithelium under which the blastema develops. An outgrowth of the spinal cord, the ependymal tube, plays a key role in governing growth (and likely patterning) of the regenerate tail. In some species (e.g., geckos), the blastema forms as an apical aggregation of proliferating cells, similar to that of urodeles and teleosts. For other species (e.g., anoles) the identification of a proliferative blastema is less obvious, suggesting an unexpected diversity in regenerative mechanisms among tail‐regenerating lizards. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4895314 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48953142016-08-05 The regeneration blastema of lizards: an amniote model for the study of appendage replacement Gilbert, E. A. B. Delorme, S. L. Vickaryous, M. K. Regeneration (Oxf) Reviews Although amniotes (reptiles, including birds, and mammals) are capable of replacing certain tissues, complete appendage regeneration is rare. Perhaps the most striking example is the lizard tail. Tail loss initiates a spontaneous epimorphic (blastema‐mediated) regenerative program, resulting in a fully functional but structurally non‐identical replacement. Here we review lizard tail regeneration with a particular focus on the blastema. In many lizards, the original tail has evolved a series of fracture planes, anatomical modifications that permit the tail to be self‐detached or autotomized. Following tail loss, the wound site is covered by a specialized wound epithelium under which the blastema develops. An outgrowth of the spinal cord, the ependymal tube, plays a key role in governing growth (and likely patterning) of the regenerate tail. In some species (e.g., geckos), the blastema forms as an apical aggregation of proliferating cells, similar to that of urodeles and teleosts. For other species (e.g., anoles) the identification of a proliferative blastema is less obvious, suggesting an unexpected diversity in regenerative mechanisms among tail‐regenerating lizards. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2015-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4895314/ /pubmed/27499867 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/reg2.31 Text en © 2015 The Authors. Regeneration published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Reviews Gilbert, E. A. B. Delorme, S. L. Vickaryous, M. K. The regeneration blastema of lizards: an amniote model for the study of appendage replacement |
title | The regeneration blastema of lizards: an amniote model for the study of appendage replacement |
title_full | The regeneration blastema of lizards: an amniote model for the study of appendage replacement |
title_fullStr | The regeneration blastema of lizards: an amniote model for the study of appendage replacement |
title_full_unstemmed | The regeneration blastema of lizards: an amniote model for the study of appendage replacement |
title_short | The regeneration blastema of lizards: an amniote model for the study of appendage replacement |
title_sort | regeneration blastema of lizards: an amniote model for the study of appendage replacement |
topic | Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4895314/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27499867 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/reg2.31 |
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