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The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments
The demonstration of the existence of metazoan life in absence of free oxygen is one of the most fascinating and difficult challenges in biology. Danovaro et al. (2010) discovered three new species of the Phylum Loricifera, living in the anoxic sediments of the L’Atalante, a deep-hypersaline anoxic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4895820/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27267928 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12915-016-0263-4 |
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author | Danovaro, Roberto Gambi, Cristina Dell’Anno, Antonio Corinaldesi, Cinzia Pusceddu, Antonio Neves, Ricardo Cardoso Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg |
author_facet | Danovaro, Roberto Gambi, Cristina Dell’Anno, Antonio Corinaldesi, Cinzia Pusceddu, Antonio Neves, Ricardo Cardoso Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg |
author_sort | Danovaro, Roberto |
collection | PubMed |
description | The demonstration of the existence of metazoan life in absence of free oxygen is one of the most fascinating and difficult challenges in biology. Danovaro et al. (2010) discovered three new species of the Phylum Loricifera, living in the anoxic sediments of the L’Atalante, a deep-hypersaline anoxic basin of the Mediterranean Sea. Multiple and independent analyses based on staining, incorporation of radiolabeled substrates, CellTracker Green incorporation experiments and ultra-structure analyses, allowed Danovaro et al. (2010) to conclude that these animals were able to spend their entire life cycle under anoxic conditions. Bernhard et al. (2015) investigated the same basin. Due to technical difficulties in sampling operations, they could not collect samples from the permanently anoxic sediment, and sampled only the redoxcline portion of the L’Atalante basin. They found ten individuals of Loricifera and provided alternative interpretations of the results of Danovaro et al. (2010). Here we analyze these interpretations, and present additional evidence indicating that the Loricifera encountered in the anoxic basin L’Atalante were actually alive at the time of sampling. We also discuss the reliability of different methodologies and approaches in providing evidence of metazoans living in anoxic conditions, paving the way for future investigations. This paper is a response to Bernhard JM, Morrison CR, Pape E, Beaudoin DJ, Todaro MA, Pachiadaki MG, Kormas KAr, Edgcomb VG. 2015. Metazoans of redoxcline sediments in Mediterranean deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins. BMC Biology 2015 13:105. See research article at http://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-015-0213-6 |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4895820 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48958202016-06-08 The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments Danovaro, Roberto Gambi, Cristina Dell’Anno, Antonio Corinaldesi, Cinzia Pusceddu, Antonio Neves, Ricardo Cardoso Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg BMC Biol Correspondence The demonstration of the existence of metazoan life in absence of free oxygen is one of the most fascinating and difficult challenges in biology. Danovaro et al. (2010) discovered three new species of the Phylum Loricifera, living in the anoxic sediments of the L’Atalante, a deep-hypersaline anoxic basin of the Mediterranean Sea. Multiple and independent analyses based on staining, incorporation of radiolabeled substrates, CellTracker Green incorporation experiments and ultra-structure analyses, allowed Danovaro et al. (2010) to conclude that these animals were able to spend their entire life cycle under anoxic conditions. Bernhard et al. (2015) investigated the same basin. Due to technical difficulties in sampling operations, they could not collect samples from the permanently anoxic sediment, and sampled only the redoxcline portion of the L’Atalante basin. They found ten individuals of Loricifera and provided alternative interpretations of the results of Danovaro et al. (2010). Here we analyze these interpretations, and present additional evidence indicating that the Loricifera encountered in the anoxic basin L’Atalante were actually alive at the time of sampling. We also discuss the reliability of different methodologies and approaches in providing evidence of metazoans living in anoxic conditions, paving the way for future investigations. This paper is a response to Bernhard JM, Morrison CR, Pape E, Beaudoin DJ, Todaro MA, Pachiadaki MG, Kormas KAr, Edgcomb VG. 2015. Metazoans of redoxcline sediments in Mediterranean deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins. BMC Biology 2015 13:105. See research article at http://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-015-0213-6 BioMed Central 2016-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4895820/ /pubmed/27267928 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12915-016-0263-4 Text en © Danovaro et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Correspondence Danovaro, Roberto Gambi, Cristina Dell’Anno, Antonio Corinaldesi, Cinzia Pusceddu, Antonio Neves, Ricardo Cardoso Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments |
title | The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments |
title_full | The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments |
title_fullStr | The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments |
title_full_unstemmed | The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments |
title_short | The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments |
title_sort | challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments |
topic | Correspondence |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4895820/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27267928 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12915-016-0263-4 |
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