Cargando…

The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments

The demonstration of the existence of metazoan life in absence of free oxygen is one of the most fascinating and difficult challenges in biology. Danovaro et al. (2010) discovered three new species of the Phylum Loricifera, living in the anoxic sediments of the L’Atalante, a deep-hypersaline anoxic...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Danovaro, Roberto, Gambi, Cristina, Dell’Anno, Antonio, Corinaldesi, Cinzia, Pusceddu, Antonio, Neves, Ricardo Cardoso, Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4895820/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27267928
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12915-016-0263-4
_version_ 1782435931251277824
author Danovaro, Roberto
Gambi, Cristina
Dell’Anno, Antonio
Corinaldesi, Cinzia
Pusceddu, Antonio
Neves, Ricardo Cardoso
Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg
author_facet Danovaro, Roberto
Gambi, Cristina
Dell’Anno, Antonio
Corinaldesi, Cinzia
Pusceddu, Antonio
Neves, Ricardo Cardoso
Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg
author_sort Danovaro, Roberto
collection PubMed
description The demonstration of the existence of metazoan life in absence of free oxygen is one of the most fascinating and difficult challenges in biology. Danovaro et al. (2010) discovered three new species of the Phylum Loricifera, living in the anoxic sediments of the L’Atalante, a deep-hypersaline anoxic basin of the Mediterranean Sea. Multiple and independent analyses based on staining, incorporation of radiolabeled substrates, CellTracker Green incorporation experiments and ultra-structure analyses, allowed Danovaro et al. (2010) to conclude that these animals were able to spend their entire life cycle under anoxic conditions. Bernhard et al. (2015) investigated the same basin. Due to technical difficulties in sampling operations, they could not collect samples from the permanently anoxic sediment, and sampled only the redoxcline portion of the L’Atalante basin. They found ten individuals of Loricifera and provided alternative interpretations of the results of Danovaro et al. (2010). Here we analyze these interpretations, and present additional evidence indicating that the Loricifera encountered in the anoxic basin L’Atalante were actually alive at the time of sampling. We also discuss the reliability of different methodologies and approaches in providing evidence of metazoans living in anoxic conditions, paving the way for future investigations. This paper is a response to Bernhard JM, Morrison CR, Pape E, Beaudoin DJ, Todaro MA, Pachiadaki MG, Kormas KAr, Edgcomb VG. 2015. Metazoans of redoxcline sediments in Mediterranean deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins. BMC Biology 2015 13:105. See research article at http://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-015-0213-6
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4895820
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2016
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-48958202016-06-08 The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments Danovaro, Roberto Gambi, Cristina Dell’Anno, Antonio Corinaldesi, Cinzia Pusceddu, Antonio Neves, Ricardo Cardoso Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg BMC Biol Correspondence The demonstration of the existence of metazoan life in absence of free oxygen is one of the most fascinating and difficult challenges in biology. Danovaro et al. (2010) discovered three new species of the Phylum Loricifera, living in the anoxic sediments of the L’Atalante, a deep-hypersaline anoxic basin of the Mediterranean Sea. Multiple and independent analyses based on staining, incorporation of radiolabeled substrates, CellTracker Green incorporation experiments and ultra-structure analyses, allowed Danovaro et al. (2010) to conclude that these animals were able to spend their entire life cycle under anoxic conditions. Bernhard et al. (2015) investigated the same basin. Due to technical difficulties in sampling operations, they could not collect samples from the permanently anoxic sediment, and sampled only the redoxcline portion of the L’Atalante basin. They found ten individuals of Loricifera and provided alternative interpretations of the results of Danovaro et al. (2010). Here we analyze these interpretations, and present additional evidence indicating that the Loricifera encountered in the anoxic basin L’Atalante were actually alive at the time of sampling. We also discuss the reliability of different methodologies and approaches in providing evidence of metazoans living in anoxic conditions, paving the way for future investigations. This paper is a response to Bernhard JM, Morrison CR, Pape E, Beaudoin DJ, Todaro MA, Pachiadaki MG, Kormas KAr, Edgcomb VG. 2015. Metazoans of redoxcline sediments in Mediterranean deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins. BMC Biology 2015 13:105. See research article at http://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-015-0213-6 BioMed Central 2016-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4895820/ /pubmed/27267928 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12915-016-0263-4 Text en © Danovaro et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Correspondence
Danovaro, Roberto
Gambi, Cristina
Dell’Anno, Antonio
Corinaldesi, Cinzia
Pusceddu, Antonio
Neves, Ricardo Cardoso
Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg
The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments
title The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments
title_full The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments
title_fullStr The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments
title_full_unstemmed The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments
title_short The challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments
title_sort challenge of proving the existence of metazoan life in permanently anoxic deep-sea sediments
topic Correspondence
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4895820/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27267928
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12915-016-0263-4
work_keys_str_mv AT danovaroroberto thechallengeofprovingtheexistenceofmetazoanlifeinpermanentlyanoxicdeepseasediments
AT gambicristina thechallengeofprovingtheexistenceofmetazoanlifeinpermanentlyanoxicdeepseasediments
AT dellannoantonio thechallengeofprovingtheexistenceofmetazoanlifeinpermanentlyanoxicdeepseasediments
AT corinaldesicinzia thechallengeofprovingtheexistenceofmetazoanlifeinpermanentlyanoxicdeepseasediments
AT puscedduantonio thechallengeofprovingtheexistenceofmetazoanlifeinpermanentlyanoxicdeepseasediments
AT nevesricardocardoso thechallengeofprovingtheexistenceofmetazoanlifeinpermanentlyanoxicdeepseasediments
AT kristensenreinhardtmøbjerg thechallengeofprovingtheexistenceofmetazoanlifeinpermanentlyanoxicdeepseasediments
AT danovaroroberto challengeofprovingtheexistenceofmetazoanlifeinpermanentlyanoxicdeepseasediments
AT gambicristina challengeofprovingtheexistenceofmetazoanlifeinpermanentlyanoxicdeepseasediments
AT dellannoantonio challengeofprovingtheexistenceofmetazoanlifeinpermanentlyanoxicdeepseasediments
AT corinaldesicinzia challengeofprovingtheexistenceofmetazoanlifeinpermanentlyanoxicdeepseasediments
AT puscedduantonio challengeofprovingtheexistenceofmetazoanlifeinpermanentlyanoxicdeepseasediments
AT nevesricardocardoso challengeofprovingtheexistenceofmetazoanlifeinpermanentlyanoxicdeepseasediments
AT kristensenreinhardtmøbjerg challengeofprovingtheexistenceofmetazoanlifeinpermanentlyanoxicdeepseasediments