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Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections

Neurotropic viruses can cause devastating central nervous system (CNS) infections, especially in young children and the elderly. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) have been described as relevant sites of entry for specific viruses as well as for leukocyt...

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Autores principales: Dahm, Tobias, Rudolph, Henriette, Schwerk, Christian, Schroten, Horst, Tenenbaum, Tobias
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4897715/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27313404
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8562805
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author Dahm, Tobias
Rudolph, Henriette
Schwerk, Christian
Schroten, Horst
Tenenbaum, Tobias
author_facet Dahm, Tobias
Rudolph, Henriette
Schwerk, Christian
Schroten, Horst
Tenenbaum, Tobias
author_sort Dahm, Tobias
collection PubMed
description Neurotropic viruses can cause devastating central nervous system (CNS) infections, especially in young children and the elderly. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) have been described as relevant sites of entry for specific viruses as well as for leukocytes, which are recruited during the proinflammatory response in the course of CNS infection. In this review, we illustrate examples of established brain barrier models, in which the specific reaction patterns of different viral families can be analyzed. Furthermore, we highlight the pathogen specific array of cytokines and chemokines involved in immunological responses in viral CNS infections. We discuss in detail the link between specific cytokines and chemokines and leukocyte migration profiles. The thorough understanding of the complex and interrelated inflammatory mechanisms as well as identifying universal mediators promoting CNS inflammation is essential for the development of new diagnostic and treatment strategies.
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spelling pubmed-48977152016-06-16 Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections Dahm, Tobias Rudolph, Henriette Schwerk, Christian Schroten, Horst Tenenbaum, Tobias Mediators Inflamm Review Article Neurotropic viruses can cause devastating central nervous system (CNS) infections, especially in young children and the elderly. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) have been described as relevant sites of entry for specific viruses as well as for leukocytes, which are recruited during the proinflammatory response in the course of CNS infection. In this review, we illustrate examples of established brain barrier models, in which the specific reaction patterns of different viral families can be analyzed. Furthermore, we highlight the pathogen specific array of cytokines and chemokines involved in immunological responses in viral CNS infections. We discuss in detail the link between specific cytokines and chemokines and leukocyte migration profiles. The thorough understanding of the complex and interrelated inflammatory mechanisms as well as identifying universal mediators promoting CNS inflammation is essential for the development of new diagnostic and treatment strategies. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 2016-05-25 /pmc/articles/PMC4897715/ /pubmed/27313404 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8562805 Text en Copyright © 2016 Tobias Dahm et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Dahm, Tobias
Rudolph, Henriette
Schwerk, Christian
Schroten, Horst
Tenenbaum, Tobias
Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections
title Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections
title_full Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections
title_fullStr Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections
title_full_unstemmed Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections
title_short Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections
title_sort neuroinvasion and inflammation in viral central nervous system infections
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4897715/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27313404
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8562805
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