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Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections
Neurotropic viruses can cause devastating central nervous system (CNS) infections, especially in young children and the elderly. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) have been described as relevant sites of entry for specific viruses as well as for leukocyt...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4897715/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27313404 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8562805 |
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author | Dahm, Tobias Rudolph, Henriette Schwerk, Christian Schroten, Horst Tenenbaum, Tobias |
author_facet | Dahm, Tobias Rudolph, Henriette Schwerk, Christian Schroten, Horst Tenenbaum, Tobias |
author_sort | Dahm, Tobias |
collection | PubMed |
description | Neurotropic viruses can cause devastating central nervous system (CNS) infections, especially in young children and the elderly. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) have been described as relevant sites of entry for specific viruses as well as for leukocytes, which are recruited during the proinflammatory response in the course of CNS infection. In this review, we illustrate examples of established brain barrier models, in which the specific reaction patterns of different viral families can be analyzed. Furthermore, we highlight the pathogen specific array of cytokines and chemokines involved in immunological responses in viral CNS infections. We discuss in detail the link between specific cytokines and chemokines and leukocyte migration profiles. The thorough understanding of the complex and interrelated inflammatory mechanisms as well as identifying universal mediators promoting CNS inflammation is essential for the development of new diagnostic and treatment strategies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4897715 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48977152016-06-16 Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections Dahm, Tobias Rudolph, Henriette Schwerk, Christian Schroten, Horst Tenenbaum, Tobias Mediators Inflamm Review Article Neurotropic viruses can cause devastating central nervous system (CNS) infections, especially in young children and the elderly. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) have been described as relevant sites of entry for specific viruses as well as for leukocytes, which are recruited during the proinflammatory response in the course of CNS infection. In this review, we illustrate examples of established brain barrier models, in which the specific reaction patterns of different viral families can be analyzed. Furthermore, we highlight the pathogen specific array of cytokines and chemokines involved in immunological responses in viral CNS infections. We discuss in detail the link between specific cytokines and chemokines and leukocyte migration profiles. The thorough understanding of the complex and interrelated inflammatory mechanisms as well as identifying universal mediators promoting CNS inflammation is essential for the development of new diagnostic and treatment strategies. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 2016-05-25 /pmc/articles/PMC4897715/ /pubmed/27313404 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8562805 Text en Copyright © 2016 Tobias Dahm et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Dahm, Tobias Rudolph, Henriette Schwerk, Christian Schroten, Horst Tenenbaum, Tobias Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections |
title | Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections |
title_full | Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections |
title_fullStr | Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections |
title_full_unstemmed | Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections |
title_short | Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections |
title_sort | neuroinvasion and inflammation in viral central nervous system infections |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4897715/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27313404 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8562805 |
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