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Survey nonresponse among informal caregivers: effects on the presence and magnitude of associations with caregiver burden and satisfaction
BACKGROUND: Informal caregiving is becoming more relevant with current trends such as population ageing. However, little is known about nonconsent and nonresponse bias in caregiving research. We investigated nonconsent and nonresponse bias in a sample of informal caregivers who participated in the L...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4898385/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27278386 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2948-6 |
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author | Oldenkamp, Marloes Wittek, Rafael P. M. Hagedoorn, Mariët Stolk, Ronald P. Smidt, Nynke |
author_facet | Oldenkamp, Marloes Wittek, Rafael P. M. Hagedoorn, Mariët Stolk, Ronald P. Smidt, Nynke |
author_sort | Oldenkamp, Marloes |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Informal caregiving is becoming more relevant with current trends such as population ageing. However, little is known about nonconsent and nonresponse bias in caregiving research. We investigated nonconsent and nonresponse bias in a sample of informal caregivers who participated in the LifeLines Cohort Study, and were invited for participation in an additional caregiving study. METHODS: We compared socio-demographic characteristics, caregiver health, caregiving situation, and caregiver outcomes of nonconsent and consent caregivers, and nonresponse and response caregivers, on LifeLines data, by using Chi-square tests, Independent Sample T-tests, and Mann-Whitney tests. Furthermore, we examined the influence of nonconsent and nonresponse on the presence and magnitude of the associations between caregiver characteristics and two commonly used caregiving outcomes (caregiver burden and satisfaction). We conducted multinomial logistic regression analyses, including interaction terms with nonconsent and nonresponse. RESULTS: Within a subcohort of 8443 caregivers, aged >18 years, 5095 caregivers (60 %) gave consent for participation in the caregiving study. Within the subgroup of 2002 caregivers who received the questionnaire, 965 (48 %) responded. Caregivers who were highly involved in caregiving (i.e. high time investment, high caregiver burden), gave more commonly consent to participate, and responded more often to the questionnaire. Nonconsent and nonresponse influenced the associations between caregiver characteristics and caregiver burden for only a few characteristics, mainly indicating the level of caregiving involvement (e.g. time investment, caregiving duration). Especially for caregiver burden, these indicators were stronger for consent and response caregivers than for nonconsent and nonresponse caregivers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are important for caregiving research, as they emphasized that participation might not be evenly distributed among caregivers, and that the possibility of nonconsent and nonresponse bias should be considered. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2948-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4898385 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48983852016-06-09 Survey nonresponse among informal caregivers: effects on the presence and magnitude of associations with caregiver burden and satisfaction Oldenkamp, Marloes Wittek, Rafael P. M. Hagedoorn, Mariët Stolk, Ronald P. Smidt, Nynke BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Informal caregiving is becoming more relevant with current trends such as population ageing. However, little is known about nonconsent and nonresponse bias in caregiving research. We investigated nonconsent and nonresponse bias in a sample of informal caregivers who participated in the LifeLines Cohort Study, and were invited for participation in an additional caregiving study. METHODS: We compared socio-demographic characteristics, caregiver health, caregiving situation, and caregiver outcomes of nonconsent and consent caregivers, and nonresponse and response caregivers, on LifeLines data, by using Chi-square tests, Independent Sample T-tests, and Mann-Whitney tests. Furthermore, we examined the influence of nonconsent and nonresponse on the presence and magnitude of the associations between caregiver characteristics and two commonly used caregiving outcomes (caregiver burden and satisfaction). We conducted multinomial logistic regression analyses, including interaction terms with nonconsent and nonresponse. RESULTS: Within a subcohort of 8443 caregivers, aged >18 years, 5095 caregivers (60 %) gave consent for participation in the caregiving study. Within the subgroup of 2002 caregivers who received the questionnaire, 965 (48 %) responded. Caregivers who were highly involved in caregiving (i.e. high time investment, high caregiver burden), gave more commonly consent to participate, and responded more often to the questionnaire. Nonconsent and nonresponse influenced the associations between caregiver characteristics and caregiver burden for only a few characteristics, mainly indicating the level of caregiving involvement (e.g. time investment, caregiving duration). Especially for caregiver burden, these indicators were stronger for consent and response caregivers than for nonconsent and nonresponse caregivers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are important for caregiving research, as they emphasized that participation might not be evenly distributed among caregivers, and that the possibility of nonconsent and nonresponse bias should be considered. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2948-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-06-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4898385/ /pubmed/27278386 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2948-6 Text en © Oldenkamp et al. 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Oldenkamp, Marloes Wittek, Rafael P. M. Hagedoorn, Mariët Stolk, Ronald P. Smidt, Nynke Survey nonresponse among informal caregivers: effects on the presence and magnitude of associations with caregiver burden and satisfaction |
title | Survey nonresponse among informal caregivers: effects on the presence and magnitude of associations with caregiver burden and satisfaction |
title_full | Survey nonresponse among informal caregivers: effects on the presence and magnitude of associations with caregiver burden and satisfaction |
title_fullStr | Survey nonresponse among informal caregivers: effects on the presence and magnitude of associations with caregiver burden and satisfaction |
title_full_unstemmed | Survey nonresponse among informal caregivers: effects on the presence and magnitude of associations with caregiver burden and satisfaction |
title_short | Survey nonresponse among informal caregivers: effects on the presence and magnitude of associations with caregiver burden and satisfaction |
title_sort | survey nonresponse among informal caregivers: effects on the presence and magnitude of associations with caregiver burden and satisfaction |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4898385/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27278386 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2948-6 |
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