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Single- and Dual-Process Models of Biased Contingency Detection
Abstract. Decades of research in causal and contingency learning show that people’s estimations of the degree of contingency between two events are easily biased by the relative probabilities of those two events. If two events co-occur frequently, then people tend to overestimate the strength of the...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hogrefe Publishing
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4901994/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27025532 http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000309 |
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author | Vadillo, Miguel A. Blanco, Fernando Yarritu, Ion Matute, Helena |
author_facet | Vadillo, Miguel A. Blanco, Fernando Yarritu, Ion Matute, Helena |
author_sort | Vadillo, Miguel A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Abstract. Decades of research in causal and contingency learning show that people’s estimations of the degree of contingency between two events are easily biased by the relative probabilities of those two events. If two events co-occur frequently, then people tend to overestimate the strength of the contingency between them. Traditionally, these biases have been explained in terms of relatively simple single-process models of learning and reasoning. However, more recently some authors have found that these biases do not appear in all dependent variables and have proposed dual-process models to explain these dissociations between variables. In the present paper we review the evidence for dissociations supporting dual-process models and we point out important shortcomings of this literature. Some dissociations seem to be difficult to replicate or poorly generalizable and others can be attributed to methodological artifacts. Overall, we conclude that support for dual-process models of biased contingency detection is scarce and inconclusive. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4901994 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Hogrefe Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49019942016-06-10 Single- and Dual-Process Models of Biased Contingency Detection Vadillo, Miguel A. Blanco, Fernando Yarritu, Ion Matute, Helena Exp Psychol Theoretical Article Abstract. Decades of research in causal and contingency learning show that people’s estimations of the degree of contingency between two events are easily biased by the relative probabilities of those two events. If two events co-occur frequently, then people tend to overestimate the strength of the contingency between them. Traditionally, these biases have been explained in terms of relatively simple single-process models of learning and reasoning. However, more recently some authors have found that these biases do not appear in all dependent variables and have proposed dual-process models to explain these dissociations between variables. In the present paper we review the evidence for dissociations supporting dual-process models and we point out important shortcomings of this literature. Some dissociations seem to be difficult to replicate or poorly generalizable and others can be attributed to methodological artifacts. Overall, we conclude that support for dual-process models of biased contingency detection is scarce and inconclusive. Hogrefe Publishing 2016-03-29 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC4901994/ /pubmed/27025532 http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000309 Text en © 2016 Hogrefe Publishing Distributed under the Hogrefe OpenMind License http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/a000001 |
spellingShingle | Theoretical Article Vadillo, Miguel A. Blanco, Fernando Yarritu, Ion Matute, Helena Single- and Dual-Process Models of Biased Contingency Detection |
title | Single- and Dual-Process Models of Biased Contingency
Detection |
title_full | Single- and Dual-Process Models of Biased Contingency
Detection |
title_fullStr | Single- and Dual-Process Models of Biased Contingency
Detection |
title_full_unstemmed | Single- and Dual-Process Models of Biased Contingency
Detection |
title_short | Single- and Dual-Process Models of Biased Contingency
Detection |
title_sort | single- and dual-process models of biased contingency
detection |
topic | Theoretical Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4901994/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27025532 http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000309 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT vadillomiguela singleanddualprocessmodelsofbiasedcontingencydetection AT blancofernando singleanddualprocessmodelsofbiasedcontingencydetection AT yarrituion singleanddualprocessmodelsofbiasedcontingencydetection AT matutehelena singleanddualprocessmodelsofbiasedcontingencydetection |