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The prevalence of dental fluorosis and its associated factors in Salem district

CONTEXT: There are various regions in India that have high levels of fluoride in drinking water sources. Many people residing in such places suffer from dental fluorosis (DF). AIMS: To evaluate the prevalence of DF in children residing in Salem and also to find any correlation between DF and other r...

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Autores principales: Ramesh, Maya, Narasimhan, Malathi, Krishnan, Ramesh, Chalakkal, Paul, Aruna, Rita Mary, Kuruvilah, Sarah
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4906864/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27307668
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.183061
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author Ramesh, Maya
Narasimhan, Malathi
Krishnan, Ramesh
Chalakkal, Paul
Aruna, Rita Mary
Kuruvilah, Sarah
author_facet Ramesh, Maya
Narasimhan, Malathi
Krishnan, Ramesh
Chalakkal, Paul
Aruna, Rita Mary
Kuruvilah, Sarah
author_sort Ramesh, Maya
collection PubMed
description CONTEXT: There are various regions in India that have high levels of fluoride in drinking water sources. Many people residing in such places suffer from dental fluorosis (DF). AIMS: To evaluate the prevalence of DF in children residing in Salem and also to find any correlation between DF and other related factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One school from each block of Salem (total 21 blocks) was selected for the study. A single examiner had evaluated untreated caries, lesions, and DF (for permanent anterior teeth and molars) using the Dean's fluorosis index, in all children. Water fluoride level determination at each school was done using the Tamil Nadu Water Fluoridation and Drainage Board field kit. Other factors that may have contributed to DF were assessed using a questionnaire, which was provided to each student. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the SPSS software version 11.5. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: DF was present in 56.9% of the children examined. It was mostly seen in 9 years old (72%) and male (59%) children. A positive correlation was found between the occurrence of DF and the duration of residence in a place with high water fluoride content, consumption of borewell water (64%), the parts per million of fluoride in drinking water, consumption of black tea (59%). However, no correlation was found between DF, dental caries, consumption of milk, or consumption of foods cooked in aluminum vessels. CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between DF and factors such as male gender, bore well water consumption, black tea consumption and the duration of residence in a place with high water fluoride content.
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spelling pubmed-49068642016-06-15 The prevalence of dental fluorosis and its associated factors in Salem district Ramesh, Maya Narasimhan, Malathi Krishnan, Ramesh Chalakkal, Paul Aruna, Rita Mary Kuruvilah, Sarah Contemp Clin Dent Original Article CONTEXT: There are various regions in India that have high levels of fluoride in drinking water sources. Many people residing in such places suffer from dental fluorosis (DF). AIMS: To evaluate the prevalence of DF in children residing in Salem and also to find any correlation between DF and other related factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One school from each block of Salem (total 21 blocks) was selected for the study. A single examiner had evaluated untreated caries, lesions, and DF (for permanent anterior teeth and molars) using the Dean's fluorosis index, in all children. Water fluoride level determination at each school was done using the Tamil Nadu Water Fluoridation and Drainage Board field kit. Other factors that may have contributed to DF were assessed using a questionnaire, which was provided to each student. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the SPSS software version 11.5. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: DF was present in 56.9% of the children examined. It was mostly seen in 9 years old (72%) and male (59%) children. A positive correlation was found between the occurrence of DF and the duration of residence in a place with high water fluoride content, consumption of borewell water (64%), the parts per million of fluoride in drinking water, consumption of black tea (59%). However, no correlation was found between DF, dental caries, consumption of milk, or consumption of foods cooked in aluminum vessels. CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between DF and factors such as male gender, bore well water consumption, black tea consumption and the duration of residence in a place with high water fluoride content. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC4906864/ /pubmed/27307668 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.183061 Text en Copyright: © Contemporary Clinical Dentistry http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
Ramesh, Maya
Narasimhan, Malathi
Krishnan, Ramesh
Chalakkal, Paul
Aruna, Rita Mary
Kuruvilah, Sarah
The prevalence of dental fluorosis and its associated factors in Salem district
title The prevalence of dental fluorosis and its associated factors in Salem district
title_full The prevalence of dental fluorosis and its associated factors in Salem district
title_fullStr The prevalence of dental fluorosis and its associated factors in Salem district
title_full_unstemmed The prevalence of dental fluorosis and its associated factors in Salem district
title_short The prevalence of dental fluorosis and its associated factors in Salem district
title_sort prevalence of dental fluorosis and its associated factors in salem district
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4906864/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27307668
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.183061
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