Efficient reference-free adaptive artifact cancellers for impedance cardiography based remote health care monitoring systems

In this paper, a new model for adaptive artifact cancelation in impedance cardiography (ICG) signals is presented. It is a hybrid model based on wavelet decomposition and an adaptive filter. A novel feature of this model is the implementation of reference-free adaptive artifact cancellers (AAC). For this implementation, the reference signal is constructed using a wavelet transformation. During critical conditions the filter weights may be negative and cause an imbalance in the convergence. To overcome this problem, we introduce non-negative adaptive algorithms in the proposed artifact canceller. To accelerate the performance of the AAC, we propose exponential non-negative and normalized non-negative algorithms to update the filter coefficients. The computational complexity of the filtering section in a remote health care system is important to avoid inter-symbol interference of the incoming samples. This can be achieved by combining sign-based algorithms with the adaptive filtering section. Finally, several AACs are developed using variants of the non-negative algorithms and performance measures are computed and compared. All of the proposed AACs are tested on actual ICG signals. Among the AACs evaluated, sign regressor normalized non-negative LMS (SRN(3)LMS) based adaptive artifact canceller achieves highest signal to noise ratio (SNR). The SNR achieved by this algorithm in baseline wander artifact elimination is 8.5312 dBs, in electrode muscle artifact elimination is 7.5908 dBs and in impedance measurement artifact elimination is 8.4231 dBs.