Assessment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis using T(2)(*)-weighted gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging sequences

Background: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the advantages of gradient echo (GRE) sequences in the detection and characterization of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis compared to conventional magnetic resonance sequences. Methods: A total of 17 patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) were evaluated using different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. The MRI sequences included T(1)-weighted spin echo (SE) imaging, T(*)(2)-weighted turbo SE (TSE), fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T(*)(2)-weighted conventional GRE, and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). MR venography (MRV) images were obtained as the golden standard. Results: Venous sinus thrombosis was best detectable in T(*)(2)-weighted conventional GRE sequences in all patients except in one case. Venous thrombosis was undetectable in DWI. T(*)(2)-weighted GRE sequences were superior to T(*)(2)-weighted TSE, T(1)-weighted SE, and FLAIR. Enhanced MRV was successful in displaying the location of thrombosis. Conclusion: T(*)(2)-weighted conventional GRE sequences are probably the best method for the assessment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. The mentioned method is non-invasive; therefore, it can be employed in the clinical evaluation of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.