Embouchure dystonia: a video guide to diagnosis and evaluation

BACKGROUND: Embouchure dystonia is an unusual focal task-specific dystonia affecting the muscles that control the flow of air into the mouthpiece of a brass or woodwind instrument. The complexity of the embouchure and the relative rarity of the condition pose barriers for recognition and management of the disorder. METHODS: Case review and video survey. RESULTS: This paper presents four video compilations that illustrate the rich phenomenology of embouchure dystonia, in order to enhance recognition and diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The phenomenology of embouchure dystonia is discussed. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40734-016-0035-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.