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Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion
The mechanism by which chromatids and chromosomes are segregated during mitosis and meiosis is a major puzzle of biology and biophysics. Using polymer simulations of chromosome dynamics, we show that a single mechanism of loop extrusion by condensins can robustly compact, segregate and disentangle c...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4914367/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27192037 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14864 |
_version_ | 1782438551686742016 |
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author | Goloborodko, Anton Imakaev, Maxim V Marko, John F Mirny, Leonid |
author_facet | Goloborodko, Anton Imakaev, Maxim V Marko, John F Mirny, Leonid |
author_sort | Goloborodko, Anton |
collection | PubMed |
description | The mechanism by which chromatids and chromosomes are segregated during mitosis and meiosis is a major puzzle of biology and biophysics. Using polymer simulations of chromosome dynamics, we show that a single mechanism of loop extrusion by condensins can robustly compact, segregate and disentangle chromosomes, arriving at individualized chromatids with morphology observed in vivo. Our model resolves the paradox of topological simplification concomitant with chromosome 'condensation', and explains how enzymes a few nanometers in size are able to control chromosome geometry and topology at micron length scales. We suggest that loop extrusion is a universal mechanism of genome folding that mediates functional interactions during interphase and compacts chromosomes during mitosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14864.001 |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4914367 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49143672016-06-21 Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion Goloborodko, Anton Imakaev, Maxim V Marko, John F Mirny, Leonid eLife Biophysics and Structural Biology The mechanism by which chromatids and chromosomes are segregated during mitosis and meiosis is a major puzzle of biology and biophysics. Using polymer simulations of chromosome dynamics, we show that a single mechanism of loop extrusion by condensins can robustly compact, segregate and disentangle chromosomes, arriving at individualized chromatids with morphology observed in vivo. Our model resolves the paradox of topological simplification concomitant with chromosome 'condensation', and explains how enzymes a few nanometers in size are able to control chromosome geometry and topology at micron length scales. We suggest that loop extrusion is a universal mechanism of genome folding that mediates functional interactions during interphase and compacts chromosomes during mitosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14864.001 eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2016-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4914367/ /pubmed/27192037 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14864 Text en © 2016, Goloborodko et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Biophysics and Structural Biology Goloborodko, Anton Imakaev, Maxim V Marko, John F Mirny, Leonid Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion |
title | Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion |
title_full | Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion |
title_fullStr | Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion |
title_full_unstemmed | Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion |
title_short | Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion |
title_sort | compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion |
topic | Biophysics and Structural Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4914367/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27192037 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14864 |
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